Apelin Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Human Adipocytes

Abstract

Background: Antioxidant effects of apelin on adipocytes are unknown. Results: Apelin not only suppresses production and release of reactive oxygen species, but also relieves oxidative-stress induced cellular dysfunctions in adipocytes. Conclusion: Apelin-APJ signaling acts as the negative autocrine feedbacks against oxidative stress in adipocytes. Significance: Apelin signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.

Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes

“…Apelin's Stimulatory Effects on Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes Are Dependent on AMPK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways-We and others have shown that apelin increases Akt and AMPK phosphorylation in white adipocytes (27,28,34). Here, we also found that apelin increased the activation (phosphorylation) of Akt and AMPK in primary rat brown preadipocytes (Fig.…”

“…Mitochondrial biogenesis and morphological change (from tubular to spherical) accompany thermogenic activation in brown adipocytes (14,57). We and others have shown that apelin increases mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells (31,34). As shown in Fig.…”

“…Hence, like irisin and FGF21, apelin could be regarded as an exercise-and coldinduced endocrine activator to promote adipose browning. We have previously demonstrated in white adipocytes that apelin suppresses the release of fatty acids and reactive oxygen species (29,34), which are key contributors to the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Therefore, apelin is able to exert multiple beneficial effects through both white and brown adipocytes and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for obesity and related metabolic diseases.…”

“…Adipocyte differentiation was then induced similarly as reported previously (33,34). Specifically, the cells were treated for 4 days with human adipocyte growth medium (serum-free DMEM/F-12 containing 33 M biotin, 17 M pantothenate, 10 g/ml transferrin, 1 nM 3,5,3Ј-triiodothyronine) supplemented with 0.5 g/ml insulin, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine, 1 M dexamethasone, and 1 M troglitazone.…”

Apelin/APJ system: A novel therapeutic target for oxidative stress-related inflammatory diseases (Review)

“…There are strong links between apelin/APJ and oxidative stress. Apelin is able to suppress the production and release of ROS in adipocytes (17), and to alleviate oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes (18). By contrast, Li et al (19) found that apelin-13 can promote the generation of ROS in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).…”