Aortic Dimensions and Stiffness in Normal Adults

O’Rourke, Michael; Farnsworth, Alan; O'Rourke, John

doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.08.002

Cited by 56 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The aortic dimensions can be measured using ultrasound, invasive angiography, CT, or cardiac MRI [2]. All of these modalities have diagnostic value, but CT is the mainstay of the evaluation because of its accuracy, reproducibility, speed, simplicity, and true three-dimensional capability [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the principal change in arterial aging is medial degeneration, structural and functional changes also occur. The structural changes include aortic lumen enlargement and wall thickening, and these can be measured using ultrasound, invasive angiography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [2]. Functional changes such as arterial stiffness reflecting a reduction in elasticity can be measured using several non-invasive methods, including pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AI) [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This change occurs with aging and generally reflects proximal aortic dilation, aortic arch widening, and decreased curvature. Unfolding is often associated with aortic calcification which implies aortic degeneration and hypertension [2], [12]. Changes in the aortic dimensions are associated with the aortic PWV and AI between the aorta and brachial artery [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aortic Unfolding Determined Using Non-Contrast Cardiac Computed Tomography: Correlations with Age and Coronary Artery Calcium Score

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveAortic unfolding occurs with aging and reflects proximal aortic dilation, aortic arch widening, and decreased curvature. This study 1) evaluated the relationship between aortic unfolding measured using non-contrast cardiac-gated computed tomography (CT) and age, 2) assessed factors influencing aortic unfolding, and 3) determined the association of this measurement with coronary artery calcium (CAC) score.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of 219 subjects (142 men, 77 women; mean age 54.2±9.3 years) who underwent coronary artery calcium scanning during routine health screening from December 2010 to May 2011. Multivariate regression analysis according to cardiovascular risk factors was performed. We also analyzed the relationship between aortic unfolding measurements and CAC score using stepwise multiple linear regression.ResultsMean aortic unfolding was 103.7±13.9 mm (men, 106.5±13.5 mm; women, 98.4±12.9 mm). Age, body surface area, and hypertension were exclusively associated with aortic unfolding. The association between aortic unfolding and CAC score was significant after adjustment for age and gender (β = 1.89, p = 0.017) and for Framingham risk score (β = 2.83, p<0.001).ConclusionsAortic unfolding defined by measuring aortic width was a reproducible and practical method with non-contrast cardiac CT and associated with age, body surface area, and hypertension. CAC score, a well-established surrogate marker of cardiovascular disease, is positively associated with aortic unfolding. Further study to evaluate aortic unfolding as a potential predictor of cardiovascular risk is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aortic Unfolding Determined Using Non-Contrast Cardiac Computed Tomography: Correlations with Age and Coronary Artery Calcium Score

et al. 2014

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“…Such BAV configuration with a single raphe is the most frequent (88% of cases) [37]. The elastic model of the aorta used here has a radial dilation of the proximal aorta of 8% (physiological value around 10%) [38] and a total arterial compliance of 1.75 ml/mmHg (physiological value 1.84±0.76 ml/mmHg [39].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid Dynamics of Coarctation of the Aorta and Effect of Bicuspid Aortic Valve

2013

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Up to 80% of patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA) have a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Patients with COA and BAV have elevated risks of aortic complications despite successful surgical repair. The development of such complications involves the interplay between the mechanical forces applied on the artery and the biological processes occurring at the cellular level. The focus of this study is on hemodynamic modifications induced in the aorta in the presence of a COA and a BAV. For this purpose, numerical investigations and magnetic resonance imaging measurements were conducted with different configurations: (1) normal: normal aorta and normal aortic valve; (2) isolated COA: aorta with COA (75% reduction by area) and normal aortic valve; (3) complex COA: aorta with the same severity of COA (75% reduction by area) and BAV. The results show that the coexistence of COA and BAV significantly alters blood flow in the aorta with a significant increase in the maximal velocity, secondary flow, pressure loss, time-averaged wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index downstream of the COA. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of why patients with complex COA have adverse outcome even following a successful surgery.

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“…In addition, the differences between the local theoretical PWV measurements in the ascending aorta and the regional Arch_PWV were more important for subjects with the highest PWV values. This might be due to the more pronounced effect of aging on the ascending aorta [29], where there are more elastin fibers than in the other parts of the aorta [34]. Despite these differences good correlations between the Arch_PWV and the local theoretical indices AA_PWVc and AA_PWVb were found in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%