Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in an Experimental Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis

Abstract

Rosmarinic acid (RA) reduced the mortality of mice infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Significant decreases in viral loads (P < 0.001) and proinflammatory cytokine levels (P < 0.001) were observed in JEV-infected animals treated with RA compared to levels in infected mice without treatment, at 8 to 9 days postinfection.

Anti-proliferative Effect of Melissa officinalis on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line

“…There is consensus that the significant antioxidant properties of lemon balm are mainly due to the large quantities of RA [24]. Several biological activities have been described for RA in relation to its antioxidant activity, the most known are anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, neuroprotective and neurological properties, and anticancer against various cell lines [9,[25][26][27][28]. However, this study is the first to establish a relationship between the antioxidant activity of RA and this celll line.…”

Japanese Encephalitis, Recent Perspectives on Virus Genome, Transmission, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylactic Interventions

“…Supportive care directed to control convulsions and maintenance of airway, fluid and electrolyte balance plays a key role in treatment efficacy during the acute phase. Although, treatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (Saxena et al, 2003), Lipid-complexed small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Kumar et al, 2006), Rosmarinic acid (Swarup et al, 2007), Pentoxifylline (Sebastian et al, 2009), Arctigenin (a lignin derived from the Greater Burdock (Arctiumlappa) (Hayashi, 2010), Peptideconjugated phosphorodiamidatemorpholino oligomers (Anantpadma et al, 2010), Minocycline (semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline) (Dutta & Basu, 2011), Tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (Antimicrobial peptide) (Huang et al, 2011), Griffithsin (Ishag et al, 2013), Bispidine (amino acid conjugate of 3,7-diazabicyclononane) (Haridas et al, 2013), Mycophenolic acid (Sebastian et al, 2011), Luteolin (Fan et al, 2016 and anti-miR301a therapy (Hazra et al, 2017) have been found as promising candidates against JE infection that were attempted and showed protective effect in laboratory models. Their efficacy in the hospital settings is a big challenge which needs further assessment and increased availability to the needful.…”

Response of Different <i>Agrobacterium Rhizogenes</i> Strains for <i>in vitro</i> Hairy Root Induction and Accumulation of Rosmarinic Acid Production in <i>Agastache Rugosa</i>

“…There is a continuing demand for production of rosmarinic acid from different plant sources because of their various pharmacological uses (Petersen and Simmonds, 2003;Gao et al, 2005;Swarup et al, 2007). Rosmarinic acidhas a wide range of health benefited biological properties i.e., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and so on those were reported by (Domitrović et al, 2013;Rocha et al, 2015).…”