Antiviral activity of ribavirin and favipiravir against human astroviruses

Janowski, Andrew B.; Dudley, Holly; Wang, David

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2019.104247

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Our studies demonstrate that NTZ inhibits VA1 replication even when administered up to 12 h postinfection highlighting the utility of NTZ as a broad-spectrum antiviral [50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. The work by Janowski et al demonstrating that ribavirin and favipiravir also blocks infection [57] now gives clinicians an arsenal of options to treat astrovirus infections.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Human Astroviruses: A Tale of Two Strains

Hargest

Davis

Tan

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Since the 1970s, eight closely related serotypes of classical human astroviruses (HAstV) have been associated with gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In the late 2000s, three genetically unique human astrovirus clades, VA1-VA3, VA2-VA4, and MLB, were described. While the exact disease associated with these clades remains to be defined, VA1 has been associated with central nervous system infections. The discovery that VA1 could be grown in cell culture, supports exciting new studies aimed at understanding viral pathogenesis. Given the association of VA1 with often lethal CNS infections, we tested its susceptibility to the antimicrobial drug, nitazoxanide (NTZ), which we showed could inhibit classical HAstV infections. Our studies demonstrate that NTZ inhibited VA1 replication in Caco2 cells even when added at 12 h post-infection, which is later than in HAstV-1 infection. These data led us to further probe VA1 replication kinetics and cellular responses to infection in Caco-2 cells in comparison to the well-studied HAstV-1 strain. Overall, our studies highlight that VA1 replicates more slowly than HAstV-1 and elicits significantly different cellular responses, including the inability to disrupt cellular junctions and barrier permeability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Human Astroviruses: A Tale of Two Strains

Hargest

Davis

Tan

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…It is not known how efficient broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are, since there are no in vitro or in vivo models for most of the NT-AstV strains. Some in vitro studies showed a decreased replication activity of the virus when broad spectrum antiviral and/or immunomodulatory drugs were used on astrovirus-infected cell cultures [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. One study showed that nitazoxanide reduces clinical signs of diarrhea and the amount of turkey astrovirus Strain 2 ( Avastrovirus ) RNA in the feces of experimentally infected turkeys.…”

Section: Prophylaxis and Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotropic Astroviruses in Animals

Wildi

Seuberlich

2021

Viruses

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Astrovirus infections are among the main causes of diarrhea in children, but their significance for animal health has remained underestimated and largely unknown. This is changing due to the increasing amount of newly identified neurotropic astroviruses in cases of nonsuppurative encephalitis and neurological disease in humans, pigs, ruminant species and minks. Neurological cases in ruminants and humans usually occur sporadically and as isolated cases. This contrasts with the situation in pigs and minks, in which diseases associated with neurotropic astroviruses are endemic and occur on the herd level. Affected animals show neurological signs such as mild ataxia to tetraplegia, loss of orientation or trembling, and the outcome is often fatal. Non-suppurative inflammation with perivascular cuffing, gliosis and neuronal necrosis are typical histological lesions of astrovirus encephalitis. Since astroviruses primarily target the gastrointestinal tract, it is assumed that they infect the brain through the circulatory system or retrograde following the nerves. The phylogenetic analysis of neurotropic astroviruses has revealed that they are genetically closely related, suggesting the presence of viral determinants for tissue tropism and neuroinvasion. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neurotropic astrovirus infections in animals and propose future research activities.

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Section: Favipiravirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shirak et al [111] established an influenza infection animal model to study the activity of Favipiravir, and proved that Favipiravir was significantly effective in alleviating influenza infection in mice. Janowski et al [112] demonstrated that Favipiravir has EC 50 values of 246 ± 76 µM (VA1), > 1000 µM (HAstV4) and 4.73 µM (IAV). Patients were randomly allocated to Favipiravir group (dose 1.6 g twice a day for the 1st day; dose 0.6 g twice a day for 2-14 days) and LPV/RTV group (dose 0.4 g/0.1 g twice a day); the results showed that the Favipiravir group patients exhibited higher efficacy than the LPV/RTV group.…”

Section: Biological Activity Of Favipiravirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews on Biological Activity, Clinical Trial and Synthesis Progress of Small Molecules for the Treatment of COVID-19

Li³

et al. 2021

Top Curr Chem (Z)

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COVID-19 has broken out rapidly in nearly all countries worldwide, and has blossomed into a pandemic. Since the beginning of the spread of COVID-19, many scientists have been cooperating to study a vast array of old drugs and new clinical trial drugs to discover potent drugs with anti-COVID-19 activity, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants, Chinese medicines, M pro inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, etc. The most commonly used drugs are antiviral compounds, antimalarial drugs and JAK inhibitors. In this review, we summarize mainly the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the antiviral drugs Favipiravir and Remdesivir, and JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib, discussing their biological activities, clinical trials and synthesis progress.

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Antiviral activity of ribavirin and favipiravir against human astroviruses

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Human Astroviruses: A Tale of Two Strains

Human Astroviruses: A Tale of Two Strains

Neurotropic Astroviruses in Animals

Reviews on Biological Activity, Clinical Trial and Synthesis Progress of Small Molecules for the Treatment of COVID-19

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