Antiurolithiatic activity of natural constituents isolated from Aerva lanata

Abstract

BackgroundPashanabheda is used as antiurolithiatic in Ayurveda. In the present study, Aerva lanata (L) Juss. ex. Schult (Amaranthaceae) from Western Ghats of India was selected for isolation of active constituents and screening for antiurolithiatic potentials.ObjectiveScreening of compounds isolated from A. lanata for antiurolithiatic potentials.Materials and methodsEthylene glycol (0.75% v/v) induced urolithiasis model was used to study the antiurolithiatic activity in male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into five groups containing six each. Based on the LD50 of the plant extract (2000 mg/kg b.w) equivalent dose was calculated from their yield. Two isolated compounds (quercetin and betulin) of A. lanata were screened for antiurolithiatic potentials in calculi induced (ethylene glycol 0.75% v/v) male Wistar albino rats by administering 2 mg/kg b.w/day orally as test dose for 28 days.ResultsThe urine volume was found to be significantly increased from 12.76 ± 0.10 ml to 21.35 ± 0.20 ml in the rats treated by quercetin and 21.50 ± 0.21 ml in rats treated by betulin. Urine microscopy revealed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the size of calculi and significantly enhanced (p < 0.001) excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, whereas the level of magnesium was increased. SEM of kidney sections has revealed reduction in the calculi in treated animals. Serum analysis has revealed significant reduction in the level of BUN and creatinine in treated rats.ConclusionThe isolated quercetin and betulin from A. lanata have shown mild diuretic effect as well as antiurolithiatic effect by significantly reducing the size of calculi in the kidneys and enhancing the excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate while maintaining the level of magnesium, which is reported to be one of the calculi inhibiting factors.

Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects

“…Cystone (500 mg/kg) receiving experimental animals showed significantly reduction in the increased calcium output. Dinnimath, Jalalpure, and Patil (2017) In another study, Vidya, Lenin, and Varalakshmi (2002) reported on the antiurolithiatic effects of lupeol and its ester form lupeol linoleate ( Figure 1), with the latter being more effective in reverting the abnormalities toward normal (Vidya et al, 2002). Similar observations were noted by Sudhahar, Veena, and Varalakshmi (2008), where lupeol linoleate proved to be a more suitable candidate for alleviating oxalate toxicity.…”

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“…The OD was highest (0.520 ± 0.009) in the absence of extract, and it was lowest (0.230 ± 0.008) at the highest concentration of saponins fraction (50%). Recent studies have shown that extract saponins contribute significantly to the antiurolithiatic activity, [13,24] this property of plants may be important in preventing kidney stone formation. In this second study, we specifically tested the efficacy of saponins fraction to dissolve CaOx.…”

“…[11] The inhibitory effect of saponins in urolithiasis has recently been depicted in investigations of the many plants such as Solanum xanthocarpum, Tribulus terrestris, Trachyspermum ammi, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Achyranthus aspera. [12] Some studies have shown that saponins, for example, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol from various plants have demonstrated antiurolithiatic and diuretic activity, [13] on the other hand, an in vitro study of the saponin-rich fraction prepared from fruits of S.…”

Phytomolecules investigated for the prevention and treatment of urinary stones

“…The result showed a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase levels; the histopathological examination showed a significant decrease of crystals in the kidneys of quercetin-hyperoside treated group 25 . Additionally, the co-administration of quercetin and betulin (isolated from aerva lanata L.) reduced the risk of stone formation by decreasing oxalate excretion, nucleation, and growth of crystals as well as increasing magnesium level 26 .…”