BackgroundPashanabheda is used as antiurolithiatic in Ayurveda. In the present study, Aerva lanata (L) Juss. ex. Schult (Amaranthaceae) from Western Ghats of India was selected for isolation of active constituents and screening for antiurolithiatic potentials.ObjectiveScreening of compounds isolated from A. lanata for antiurolithiatic potentials.Materials and methodsEthylene glycol (0.75% v/v) induced urolithiasis model was used to study the antiurolithiatic activity in male Wistar albino rats. The animals were divided into five groups containing six each. Based on the LD50 of the plant extract (2000 mg/kg b.w) equivalent dose was calculated from their yield. Two isolated compounds (quercetin and betulin) of A. lanata were screened for antiurolithiatic potentials in calculi induced (ethylene glycol 0.75% v/v) male Wistar albino rats by administering 2 mg/kg b.w/day orally as test dose for 28 days.ResultsThe urine volume was found to be significantly increased from 12.76 ± 0.10 ml to 21.35 ± 0.20 ml in the rats treated by quercetin and 21.50 ± 0.21 ml in rats treated by betulin. Urine microscopy revealed significant reduction (p < 0.001) in the size of calculi and significantly enhanced (p < 0.001) excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphate, whereas the level of magnesium was increased. SEM of kidney sections has revealed reduction in the calculi in treated animals. Serum analysis has revealed significant reduction in the level of BUN and creatinine in treated rats.ConclusionThe isolated quercetin and betulin from A. lanata have shown mild diuretic effect as well as antiurolithiatic effect by significantly reducing the size of calculi in the kidneys and enhancing the excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate while maintaining the level of magnesium, which is reported to be one of the calculi inhibiting factors.

Background: Traditionally known as Pashanabheda in India, Aerva lanata (L) belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, is widely available in Western ghats of India and used as Antiurolithiatic, astringent, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective drug by Indian traditional system of medicines. Materials and Method: In the present study this herb is subjected to extraction with hydro alcohol followed by fractionation with different solvents of varying polarities such as dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol and screened for Antiurolithiatic activity using ethylene glycol induced male Wistar albino rats. Based on the results, the potent fractions were subjected to isolation of active constituents using column chromatography. Results: The isolated compounds from two fractions n-butanol and ethyl acetate were characterized by modern analytical techniques such as IR, HPTLC, NMR and LCMS as Quercetin and Betulin. Later these two compounds were studied for Antiurolithiatic activity by In silico technique by docking with a protein 2 ETE of Oxalate oxidase from PDB and the results indicated better regio-specificity with the enzyme. Conclusion: The two compounds isolated from potent fractions based on bioactivity guided fractionation were characterized as Quercetin and Betulin by modern analytical techniques. These two compounds were studied by in silico method and these two compounds have produced significant results which substantiate their claim of bioactivity. However in vivo study is needed to confirm the activity.

Toothpaste is an agent used as an effective home care system. It is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush as an accessory to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of teeth by the patients to enhance oral hygiene. What many people don't know is that most brand-name toothpaste contains a number of ingredients that are not healthy. Herbal toothpaste does not contain the artificial colors, flavours or fluoride that many of the artificial products do contain. For the present study the extracts of apple peel, lemon peel, orange peel, banana peel, clove oil were used to formulate a polyherbal toothpaste and studied by phytochemical tests and spectral analysis using UV/VIS, IR spectroscopy. These studies have revealed the presence of vital constituents which shall be responsible for anti-microbial activity and useful in tooth decay problems.

Background: Aerva lanata (L) Juss. Ex. Schult. (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Pashanabheda is used traditionally in Indian system of medicines for various diseases including urolithiasis. Objective: Screening of bioactivity guided fractions of Aerva lanata (L) for antioxidant and antiurolithiatic potency. Materials and Method: The dried hydro alcoholic extract (10%) of the whole plant was fractionated with different organic solvents like dichloromethane (fraction I), ethyl acetate (fraction II), n-butanol (fraction III). Based on preliminary phytochemical tests, only two fractions (II and III) were tested for antioxidant efficacy by DPPH Radical Scavenging assay and antiurolitiathic potentials on male Wistar albino rats by administering ethylene glycol (0.75% v/v) by oral route. Urine and blood serum were collected from all the tested animals and analyzed for the presence of calcium, oxalate, magnesium, phosphate, and BUN. Both kidneys were isolated and subjected to histopathological study. Results: Antioxidant assay has revealed that the tested fractions were equally potent as that of the standard drugs (BHT and Vitamin C). The treatment with ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions significantly decreased the calcium, phosphate and BUN levels and increase in magnesium level in experimental rats (p<0.001). The urine analysis has also revealed significant (p<0.001) reduction in crystal size in the treated rats. Conclusion: The fractions (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) have shown significant antioxidant effect along with the Antiurolithiatic potency by reducing calculi through different pathways along with mild diuretic activity.

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