Phytomolecules investigated for the prevention and treatment of urinary stones

Abstract

<p class="MTitel">Urolithiasis is a recurrent pathology manifested by the stone formation in the urinary system; it has long been treated in traditional medicine by plant remedies. Several studies have provided the efficacy of medicinal plants as well as their chemical compounds against stone formation. The present work aims to summarize the antiurolithiatic effect of phytochemicals, including quercetin, rutin, catechin, diosmin, and thymoquinone. In this context, various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and google scholar, were searched using keywords like antiurolithiatic bioactive molecules and chemistry of phytomolecules.</p><p class="MTitel">The results confirmed that phytochemicals, including particularly flavonoid molecules, could be effective against lithogenesis via different strategies such as decreasing the binding between crystals and cells, decreasing the growth of crystals, and increasing magnesium level. Nevertheless, more studies are required, such as determination of toxicity and clinical studies. This review may help researchers achieve more results about the mechanism and the side effects of phytochemicals administration.</p>

Chemical Composition and Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Extracts from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels Press-Cake and Acacia senegal (L.) Willd

“…Catechin's antiurolithiatic effect on stone formation may be due to its ability to prevent renal papillary calcification. Catechin was also found to reduce the density of crystals generated by a melamine-cyanuric acid mixture in another investigation [12]. Other phenolic acids such as gallic and tannic acids have been found to be effective against Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity [15].…”

“…Stone formation is the outcome of various physicochemical events including nucleation, crystal growth, and crystal aggregation [12]. The most effective method to prevent or to treat urolithiasis is to control the first stage of calculi formation, which is the nucleation event [16].…”

“…It is used in folk medicine as a natural remedy for kidney stones. Several studies have highlighted its antioxidant effect and its nephroprotective effect against nephrotoxicity and chronic kidney diseases [11,12]. The anti-urolithiatic properties of many phytochemicals such as phenolic acids and flavonoids are well-known.…”

Antioxidant and Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Saussurea costus (Falc) Lispich Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

“…The medicinal plant Saussurea costus (Falc) Lipsch was chosen to treat lithogenesis [ 18 ] as it contains chemical compounds that are known to be effective against urinary stones such as saponins [ 19 ] and flavanols. The latter is a subclass that contains many phytochemicals such as quercetin [ 20 ] and its derivatives (quercetin glycuronide, quercetin pentocide, and quercetin hexoside) [ 21 ].…”

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Potentials, and Calcium Oxalate Anticrystallization Activity of Polyphenol and Saponin Fractions from Argania spinosa L. Press Cake

“…During the first 5 years, the recurrence rate has been estimated to be 50%, with calcium oxalate being the most common cause [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Nucleation, crystal development, crystal aggregation, and crystal retention are all steps in the multi-step process of urinary stone pathogenesis [ 5 ]. Stone formation requires supersaturated urine.…”