Antitumour effect of polyoxomolybdates: induction of apoptotic cell death and autophagy in in vitro and in vivo models

Abstract

O. The effect of PM-17 on the growth of cancer cell lines and xenografts was assessed by a cell viability test and analysis of tumour expansion rate. Morphological analysis was carried out by Hoechst staining, flow-cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 'nick-end' labelling staining, and electron-microscopic analysis. Activation of autophagy was detected by western blotting and fluorescence-microscopic analysis of the localisation of GFP-LC3 in transfected tumour cells. PM-17 inhibited the growth of human pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1) xenografts in a nude mice model, and induced morphological alterations in tumour cells. Correspondingly, PM-17 repressed the proliferation of AsPC-1 cells and human gastric cancer cells (MKN45) depending on the dose in vitro. We observed apoptotic patterns as the formation of apoptotic small bodies and translocation of phosphatidylserine by Hoechst staining and flow-cytometric analysis following Annexin V staining, and in parallel, autophagic conformation by the formulation of autophagosomes and localisation of GFP-LC3 by electron-and fluorescence-microscopic analysis.

Quercetin induces protective autophagy in gastric cancer cells: Involvement of Akt-mTOR- and hypoxia-induced factor 1α-mediated signaling

“…39,40 Accumulating anticancer agents have been documented to trigger the cellular autophagic process, but the role that autophagy plays in cancer chemotherapy is still controversial. Certain anticancer agents i.e., polyoxomolybdates-, platonin-or phenethyl isothiocyanate could induce autophagic cell death to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy, [41][42][43] while others, i.e., suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, arginine deiminase or timosaponin A-III mediated protective autophagy that antagonized apoptotic cell death. [31][32][33] In this study, we demonstrated that quercetin triggered autophagy in human gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo.…”

Deltonin induced both apoptosis and autophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma FaDu cell

“…Blocking autophagy by utilizing of chloroquine increase the susceptibility to FaDu cell to pro-apoptotic insults (Figure 6), suggesting that delotonin-induced autophagy plays a protective role in FaDu cells. Certain anticancer agents such as polyoxomolybdates-, platonin-or phenethyl isothiocyanate could induce autophagy to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy [50,51,52], while others, i.e., arginine deiminase, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or timosaponin A-III mediated protective autophagy that antagonized apoptotic cell death [53,54,55].…”

“…This data suggested deltonin selectivity toward HNSCC cells only. Deltonin showed an IC 50 (median growth inhibitory concentration value) of 3.43 μM after 24 h of treatment, implying that deltonin elicits marked cytotoxic effects on FaDu cells.…”

Dissolvable Trimolybdate Nanowires as Ag Carriers for High-Efficiency Antimicrobial Applications

“…Two major elements in the Ag 2−x (NH 4 ) x Mo 3 O 10 ·3H 2 O nanowires are expected to have the antibacterial nature, that is, the Ag + ions and the Mo 6+ ions of the composite, both of which have been reported previously [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][41][42][43]. In this work, we have also observed a large amount of Ag-rich nanoparticles on surface of the nanowires.…”