Purpose This paper aims to examine how presence (the social presence of live streaming platforms, of viewers, of live streamers and telepresence) affects consumer trust and flow state, thus inducing impulsive buying behaviors, personal sense of power as moderator. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, the conceptual model covers social presence, telepresence, consumer trust, flow state, personal sense of power and impulsive buying behavior. An online survey was conducted from 405 consumers with the experience of live streaming shopping in China; structural equation modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis. Findings Results find that three dimensions of social presence (the social presence of live streaming platforms, of viewers, of live streamers) and telepresence have a positive and significant influence on consumer trust and flow state, thus triggering consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. Furthermore, consumers’ sense of power moderates the process from consumer trust, flow state to impulsive buying behavior. Practical implications This study will help live streamers and e-retailers to have a further understand on how to stimulate consumers’ buying behavior. Furthermore, it also provides reference for the development of live streaming commerce in other countries. Originality/value This research examines the effect of social presence and telepresence on impulsive buying behavior in live streaming commerce, which is inadequately examined in extant literature.

The increase of social media (SM) has led to continuous deviations in how day-to-day entrepreneurial activities can be carried out. Additionally, studies devoted to SM entrepreneurship and SM are relatively limited and fragmented in their focus. However there is growing interest from scholars, practitioners and academia for upcoming studies and exploration within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) context. This research explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on SM adoption and SME performance in developing countries. We employed the resource-based view (RBV) as the foundation for developing the conceptual framework The present study employed a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from SMEs located in Pakistan. Partial-least-squares-structural equation-modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for the analysis of 423 responses. The results proved a direct positive link between EO–SMEs performance, EO–SM adoption, SM adoption–SMEs performance, innovation capabilities (IC), and SME performance. Partial mediation was found between EO and SME performance, and the significant moderation effect of IC was found between SM adoption and SME performance. This paper has implications for practitioners and researchers regarding SM adoption in the SMEs. It builds an empirical, multi-dimensional hypothesized model, including mediating and moderating roles affecting the relationships.

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L-3-n-Butylphthalide (L-NBP) exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of cerebral ischemia, but its potential benefits in repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (RCIR) injury remain unknown. We investigated the effect of L-NBP on cognitive impairment induced by RCIR in mice. Male C57Bl/6 mice received sham surgery or bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (3 times, 20 min each) and were orally administered preoperative L-NBP (30 mg/kg/day, 7 days), postoperative L-NBP (30 or 60 mg/kg/day, 28 days) or postoperative vehicle (28 days). Learning and memory were assessed by the Morris water maze task and step-down passive avoidance test. Nissl staining was used to identify pathologic changes in the hippocampal CA1 region. The expressions of proteins associated with signaling, apoptosis and autophagy were assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot. RCIR induced deficits in learning and memory that were alleviated by preoperative or postoperative L-NBP administration. Pathologic lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region induced by RCIR were less severe in mice treated with L-NBP. Preoperative or postoperative L-NBP administration in mice receiving RCIR promoted hippocampal expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-mTOR (suggesting activation of Akt/mTOR signaling), increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (indicating suppression of apoptosis) and reduced the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (implying inhibition of autophagy). Preoperative or postoperative L-NBP administration also depressed hippocampal levels of beclin-1 mRNA (indicating suppression of autophagy). These findings suggest that the effect of L-NBP to alleviate learning and memory deficits in mice following RCIR may involve activation of Akt/mTOR signaling and regulation of the expressions of proteins related to apoptosis and autophagy.

Neutrophil infiltration is the characteristic pathological feature of M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). This study aimed to explore the associations among neutrophil activity, clinical presentation, and role of the M. pneumoniae/interleukin-8 (IL-8)/neutrophil axis in the pathogenesis of MPP. A total of 42 patients with MPP were prospectively enrolled in the study. Neutrophil activity, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neutrophil elastase (NE), were measured. Clinical information was collected for all patients and control group. In vitro, IL-8 production was measured at different time points after M. pneumoniae infection of bronchial epithelial cells, and neutrophil activity was analyzed after IL-8 stimulation. The percentage of neutrophil in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher in the group of patients with high levels of M. pneumoniae DNA than in those with low levels of M. pneumoniae DNA (P < 0.05). IL-8, MMP-9, and NE in patients with MPP significantly increased compared with controls and decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). MPO and MMP-9 were associated with duration of fever (r = 0.332, P < 0.05) and length of stay (r = 0.342, P < 0.05), respectively. In vitro, M. pneumoniae induced IL-8 production by bronchial epithelial cells in a time dependent manner. MPO, MMP-9 and NE production by neutrophils significantly increased compared with medium controls after IL-8 stimulation. In summary, the M. pneumoniae/IL-8/neutrophil axis likely plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of MPP.