Antithrombotic mechanism of polysaccharides in Blackberry (Rubus spp.) seeds

Abstract

The blackberry seed was typically removed as a byproduct and waste from blackberry fruits for juices. Developing value-added utilization of berry seeds will significantly expand the market for berry products as well as improve benefit to berry producers. However, the research on blackberry seed is limited. The objective of this paper was to research antithrombotic mechanism of polysaccharides in blackberry seeds. Polysaccharides in blackberry seeds were extracted, purified and identified by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPSEC), gas chromatography (GC), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR). Anticoagulant activities were evaluated in vivo by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB) and plasma recalcification time (RRT). Four polysaccharides named BSP-1a, BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3 were isolated from Blackberry (Rubus spp.) seeds. The results indicated that BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3 exhibited the anticoagulant activity. Therefore, the anti-thrombosis effects of BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3 were investigated in vivo by 6-Keto-PGF1α, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), APTT, TT, PT and FIB. The results suggested that BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3 had the inhibition effect on thrombus formation, and the antithrombotic effects were associated with the regulation of vascular endothelium active substance, activating blood flow and anticoagulation effect.

Two Novel Polysaccharides in Psoralea corylifolia L and anti-A549 Lung Cancer Cells Activity In Vitro

“…Polysaccharides, as an important carbohydrate in nature, are from different sources, such as plant, fungi, and algae, and they exhibit different chemical and biological activities, depending on the structure and nature of the monosaccharides [1]. Due to the physicochemical and functional properties of polysaccharides, i.e., their water retention ability, filming capacity, antioxidant, anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, constipation, and antithrombus activities [2,3,4,5,6,7], polysaccharides are used in a wide variety of industrial applications, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. However, inrecent years, due to its high molecular weight, polysaccharides have poor water solubility, so there has been increasing interest in water-soluble polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive substances that may compete with traditional polysaccharides due to their potential biological activities and processing properties.…”

Coagulant Effects and Mechanism of Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin

“…Blood samples were drawn from the auricular veins of rabbits. After collection, the blood was decalcified by sodium citrate to prevent blood clotting, the serum was separated from the plasma by centrifugation at 3000 rpm at 5 • C for 15 min [41] to assay activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thxrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (FIB) in vitro.…”

An immunomodulatory polysaccharide from blackberry seeds and its action on RAW 264.7 cells via activation of NF-κB/MAPK pathways

“…Consumption of blackberries therefore confers numerous health benefits, such as combating oxidative stress and offering anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects (Jakobsdottir et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2017). Previous in vitro and in vivo research conducted in our laboratory confirmed that blackberry fruit, especially the seeds of blackberry fruit, contained a wide range of bioactive compounds and exhibited strong antioxidant activity (Yin et al, 2013), liver-protecting properties (Zhang et al, 2014a), α-glucosidase-inhibitory effect (Yong, 2015), blood lipid-reducing function (Yin et al, 2014), antithrombotic capacity (Wang et al, 2017), and diabetes-combating effects (Zhang et al, 2014b). Like other seasonal "soft" fruits with short shelf lives, blackberry is consumed in the form of whole fresh fruit and in processed fruit products (like juice, jam and blackberry wine).…”

“…Three polysaccharides isolated from blackberry wine demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, significantly reducing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (Cordeiro Caillot et al, 2018). In our laboratory, four polysaccharides (called BSP-1a, BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3) were successfully isolated from blackberry seeds, separated by DEAE-52 column and purified by Sephadex G-100 column (Wang et al, 2017). Three of these four polysaccharides (BSP-1b, BSP-2 and BSP-3) exhibited significant anticoagulant activities and inhibitory effect on thrombus formation in blood stasis studies using a male rabbit model or male/female Sprague-Dawley rat models (Xie et al, 2017).…”

“…Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are pathogenic endotoxins that have been widely been used in the development of inflammatory models owing its ability to induce an acute inflammatory response and excessive release of inflammatory mediators (Sweet & Hume, 1996). In this study, the immunomodulatory potential of BSP-2, a kind of purified polysaccharide with the highest yield (Wang et al, 2017) was examined in RAW264.7 cells with and without LPS stimulation. Since the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important intracellular and interactive signalling molecules in response to stimuli (such as cell stress) and for immunity enhancement (Carter et al, 1999;Fengyang et al, 2012;Shao et al, 2013), the effectiveness of BSP-2 in activating NF-κB and MAPKs was the focus of this study.…”