Antioxidant Therapy in Critically Septic Patients

Rinaldi, Simone; Landucci, Francesco; Gaudio, Angelo Raffaele De

doi:10.2174/138945009789108774

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…An animal model of sepsis utilizing sheep demonstrated that a large-bolus injection of Se (2 mg Se as sodium selenite) had more beneficial effects than continuous administration of Se (4.0 lg/kg per h) (263), although the conclusions of this study require follow-up investigation to determine if these results are duplicated in humans. In humans, treatment of critically septic patients with Se supplementation seems to improve clinical outcome in terms of infections and organ failure (8,205), but larger intervention studies are required before conclusive results can be obtained. Importantly, dosage and timing of Se administration (best results with > 500 lg/day) must be carefully evaluated so as to not endanger these patients (97).…”

Section: B Critical Illness Stress-induced Immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Selenium in Inflammation and Immunity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Huang

Rose

Hoffmann

2012

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

682

496

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dietary selenium (]Se), mainly through its incorporation into selenoproteins, plays an important role in inflammation and immunity. Adequate levels of Se are important for initiating immunity, but they are also involved in regulating excessive immune responses and chronic inflammation. Evidence has emerged regarding roles for individual selenoproteins in regulating inflammation and immunity, and this has provided important insight into mechanisms by which Se influences these processes. Se deficiency has long been recognized to negatively impact immune cells during activation, differentiation, and proliferation. This is related to increased oxidative stress, but additional functions such as protein folding and calcium flux may also be impaired in immune cells under Se deficient conditions. Supplementing diets with above-adequate levels of Se can also impinge on immune cell function, with some types of inflammation and immunity particularly affected and sexually dimorphic effects of Se levels in some cases. In this comprehensivearticle, the roles of Se and individual selenoproteins in regulating immune cell signaling and function are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to how Se and selenoproteins are linked to redox signaling, oxidative burst, calcium flux, and the subsequent effector functions of immune cells. Data obtained from cell culture and animal models are reviewed and compared with those involving human physiology and pathophysiology, including the effects of Se levels on inflammatory or immune-related diseases including anti-viral immunity, autoimmunity, sepsis, allergic asthma, and chronic inflammatory disorders. Finally, the benefits and potential adverse effects of intervention with Se supplementation for various inflammatory or immune disorders are discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 16, 705-743.

show abstract

Section: B Critical Illness Stress-induced Immune Suppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Selenium in Inflammation and Immunity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

Huang

Rose

Hoffmann

2012

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

682

496

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In critically ill patients, sources of oxidative stress include the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain [131], the respiratory burst associated with neutrophil activation [68], and arachidonic acid metabolism [132]. Melatonin exerts well-documented protective effects against septic shock in both animals and humans.…”

Section: Role Of Melatonin In Maintaining and Restoring Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melatonin was shown to improve clinical outcome in terms of infection and organ failure in randomized clinical trials, thus being a promising antioxidant molecule in antioxidant therapy to combat sepsis [132][133][134]137].…”

Section: Role Of Melatonin In Maintaining and Restoring Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation

Radogna

Diederich

Ghibelli

2010

Biochemical Pharmacology

306

247

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep and circadian functions. Melatonin also regulates inflammatory and immune processes acting as both an activator and inhibitor of these responses. Melatonin demonstrates endocrine, but also paracrine and autocrine effects in the leukocyte compartment: on one side, leukocytes respond to melatonin in a circadian fashion; on the other side, leukocytes are able to synthesize melatonin by themselves.With its endocrine and paracrine effects, melatonin differentially modulates pro-inflammatory enzymes, controls production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and leukotrienes and regulates the lifespan of leukocytes by interfering with apoptotic processes. Moreover, its potent anti-oxidant ability allows scavenging of oxidative stress in the inflamed tissues. The interesting timing of pro-and anti-inflammatory effects, such as those affecting lipoxygenase activity, suggests that melatonin might promote early phases of inflammation on one hand and contribute to its attenuation on the other hand, in order to avoid complications of chronic inflammation. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the various inflammatory pathways regulated by this pleiotropic hormone.

show abstract

“…Besides, sepsis is associated with a significant redox imbalance. Recent studies pointed out that some anti-oxidant agents have beneficial effects in treating sepsis [5], such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), MitoQ and deferoxamine (DFX) [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%