Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, and Neurobehavioral Effects of a Leaf Extract of Avicennia marina on Autoimmune Diabetic Mice

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that can affect the central nervous system and behavioral traits in animals. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is considered an autoimmune disease. The aim of the current study was to determine whether supplementation with the alcoholic extract of Avicennia marina leaves could improve diabetes-associated pathological changes. The animals were divided into four groups: a control group (A), an A. marina receiving nondiabetic group (B), a diabetic group (C), and a DM group orally supplemented with A. marina alcoholic leaf extract (D). The DM group of animals receiving the alcoholic extract of A. marina leaves had reduced blood glucose levels, improved blood picture, and organ functions. This group also showed improvement in locomotory behavior. The results of this study showed that supplementation with the alcoholic extract of A. marina leaves reduced oxidative stress and blood sugar levels, protected the liver, and improved the neurobehavioral changes associated with diabetes in mice. Introducing alcoholic leaf extract of A. marina to diabetic mice decreased inflammatory cells aggregation, vacuolation, and hemorrhage. Additionally, a positive effect of the alcoholic leaf extract on the histopathological changes was observed in the testicular tissue of treated mice.

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Extracts of Different Parts of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh

“…The phytochemicals belong to phenolics, steroids, triterpenes, glycosides, esters, aliphatic alcohols, amino acids, carotenoids, etc. [ 27 , 28 ]. The GC–MS based analysis of the chemical composition of extracts of plants parts in different solvent systems revealed the presence of some notable compounds like 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, Cis-cinnamic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexae, 25-ethyl-27-norcholesta-5,24(Z), 1-tetradecene, taraxasterol, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and 1-deoxy-D-altritol ( Supplementary Table S1 ).…”

Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review

“…The oral supplementation of the ethanolic extracts from A. marina leaves 2 mg/gm exerted a significant hypoglycemic effect on streptozocin diabetic mice, similar to the effect of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extract [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. The possible mechanism underlying the antihyperglycaemic action of A. marina was attributed to inducing β -cells to release more insulin, and reducing oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant activity of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes [ 28 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Potential targeting of Hep3B liver cancer cells by lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina

“…Medicinal plants are grabbing the researchers' interest for their safe and effective action in treating different diseases. [ 2 ] Several compounds isolated from medicinal plants were approved by FDA and employed in the market as effective anticancer agents such as paclitaxel, isolated from Taxus brevifolia , topotecan, isolated from Camptotheca acuminata , and many more. [ 3–5 ]…”

“…The plant received much attention due to its valuable source for many active constituents that can be employed in drug discovery and medical therapy. [ 2,9 ] Phytochemical classes found in A. marina can include aliphatic alcohols and acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, carotenoids, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, pheromones, phorbol esters, phenolics and related compounds, steroids, triterpenes, glycosides, and tannins. [ 10–12 ] Several studies were conducted in the United Arab Emirates and the results revealed that different chemical compounds were isolated such as betulinic acid (pentacyclic lupine type triterpene), taraxerol, taraxerone, sterols (β‐sitosterol and stigmasterol), triterpene alcohols, iridoid glycosides lipids and proteins, and a high amount of carbohydrates.…”