Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Extracts of Different Parts of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh

Abstract

Increased problems associated with side effects and bacterial resistance of chemical drugs has prompted the research focus on herbal medicines in the past few decades. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of the various parts of Avicennia marina (AM), a mangrove plant, has been evaluated. The plants were collected from the Jazan area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Primary extracts of roots, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds were made in ethanol and fractioned in ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, chloroform, and water. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined against Bacillussubtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. It has been observed that the chloroform extract of roots of the AM exhibited inhibitory effects against both S. aureus (MIC = 1.5 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 1.7 ± 0.01 mg/mL). The ethanolic extract of the AM roots has shown antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 10.8 ± 0.78 mg/mL), Bacillussubtilis (MIC = 6.1 ± 0.27 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 2.3 ± 0.08 mg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC = 6.3 ± 0.28 mg/mL). The leaf extract of the AM in ethyl acetate showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Antifungal activity of these extracts was also investigated against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Ethanolic extract of roots and seeds of the AM has shown antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus when applied individually. Ethanolic extract of the AM fruits has shown an inhibitory effect on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. It is suggested that the plant extracts of AM have tremendous antimicrobial activity against a group of microbes, and this effect depends on both the plant part and the solvent used for extraction. Therefore, this plant can be considered to treat various diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Preparation and Characterization of Bioactive Chitosan Film Loaded with Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf Extract

“…The petroleum ether extract from flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at concentrations of 4 mg/disc and 2 mg/disc displayed the strongest inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus [ 47 ]. Avicennia marina extracts of the roots, fruits, and seeds showed the highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans [ 48 ].…”

Anti-Periodontopathogenic Ability of Mangrove Leaves (Aegiceras corniculatum) Ethanol Extract: In silico and in vitro study

“…Many scientific reports have shown potential foliar extracts of mangrove against microbial pathogens and suggested considering the mangrove plants as a valuable source for the bioactive chemicals of immense medicinal values. 32 One type of mangrove that is widely spread in various locations in Indonesia such as in Teluk Awur, Central Java is A. corniculatum. Mangrove has the potential as an antimicrobial against the causative agent of vibriosis.…”

GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Seed Ethanol Extract

“…These plants are a repository of phytochemicals in the form of secondary metabolites, such as steroids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have established antimicrobial properties and could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases [17]. Innumerable studies worldwide have reported the antimicrobial potency of medicinal plants with a handful focussed on expounding the antimicrobial potency of isolated compounds [18,8,19,20,21,22,23].…”