Antioxidant Enzymes and Human Health

Krishnamurthy, Praveen Thaggikuppe; Wadhwani, Ashish

doi:10.5772/48109

Cited by 78 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similarly, a noteworthy association was observed between the LA:DGLA ratio and plasma levels of Cu. Cu is the third most abundant essential trace element in the human body, and similarly to Zn, it also acts as a part of antioxidant enzymes that protects against free radicals [100]. Zn and Cu are known as interacting metallic elements, and an antagonistic relationship between Zn and Cu has been previously presented [89,101].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects?

et al. 2019

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The prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia has increased worldwide. The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of these conditions is not well understood. This study examines the relationship between dietary zinc (Zn) intake and plasma concentrations of Zn, copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) with lipid profile indicators, fatty acid composition in plasma phospholipids and desaturase enzyme activities in a dyslipidemic population. The role of the newly proposed biomarker of Zn status, the linoleic:dihomo-gama-linolenic acid (LA:DGLA) ratio, in predicting Zn status of dyslipidemic subjects has been explored. The study included 27 dyslipidemic adults, 39-72 years old. Trace elements were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry and fatty acid composition by a liquid gas chromatography. Desaturase activities were calculated from product-precursor fatty acid ratios. Dietary data were obtained using 24 h recall questionnaires. Insufficient dietary intake of Zn, low plasma Zn concentrations and an altered Cu:Zn ratio is related to modified fatty acid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia. Plasma Zn status was associated with obesity. There was no correlation between dietary Zn intake and plasma Zn status. The LA:DGLA ratio was inversely linked to dietary Zn intake. Cu, in addition to Zn, may directly or indirectly, affect the activity of desaturase enzymes. region of Europe (54% for both sexes). Successful treatment of dyslipidemia significantly reduces morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases [7]. Basically 10% reduction in serum lipid levels has been reported to result in a 50% reduction in heart disease within 5 years [1].Trace elements have crucial roles in metabolism, growth, immunological and neurological functions [8][9][10]. Zinc (Zn) is required for an adequate activity of more than 300 enzymes involved in protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, reproduction and oxidative clearance [11]. Iron (Fe) is needed for proper oxygen transport, while copper (Cu) is important for the oxido-reduction and detoxification and is involved in growth, development of cellular elements of arterial walls, lipoprotein metabolism and immune function [9,12,13]. The concentrations of serum/plasma minerals Zn, Cu and Fe are associated with the development of chronic diseases [10,14,15]. Deficiency in microelements leads to an increase in fat deposition and obesity [16]. Hypoferremia is often seen in people suffering from hypertension and plasma Zn concentrations have been directly correlated with total cholesterol and LDL-C levels [15,17]. Zn, Cu and Fe plasma levels are related to the extent of myocardial damage [18]. Epidemiological studies show a direct correlation between low plasma Zn and Fe concentrations and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases [19]. Elevated plasma levels of Cu were reported in patients with coronary artery disease [20]. Although deficiencies of trace elements may alter metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, the mechanism of their action is not yet completely understood. The fatty acid (FA)...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects?

et al. 2019

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“…95 The antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serve as the primary line of defence in destroying free radicals. Glutathione plays several roles in the body e.g., it improves the effectiveness of Vitamin C. SOD first reduces (adds an electron to) the radical superoxide (O2 -) to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2).…”

Section: Scheme 5 Mechanism Of Action Of Enzymatic Antioxidantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants: An Overview on the Natural and Synthetic Types

Atta¹,

Mohamed²,

Abdelgawad³

2017

ECB

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“…It is interesting to note that the plant-based antioxidant enzymes are also beneficial for humans to keep free radical-induced damages away. In general, the ability to counter the stressinduced diseases is considerably reduced by developing the intake of antioxidant enzyme rich foods or antioxidant enzyme supplements which could potentially lead to physiological well-being and optimal health 29 . As a consequence, antioxidant enzyme rich plant parts are effective against various diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

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Sida acuta is one of the medically active plants used for the treatment of multifaceted diseases. However, an elaborated investigation on the phytochemical composition of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of this plant is yet to be deciphered. So, in this quantification of phytochemicals, in-vitro free radical scavenging activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in the fresh leaves, HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis in the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves were done. In-vitro antioxidant activities were assayed using DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferric ions, while ascorbic acid is used as the standard. The results indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and alkaloids in a reasonably good amount which has substantiated the results of HPTLC. All the tested antioxidants were present prominently in the leaves, specifically catalase and glutathione peroxidase, which may be responsible for the prominent radical scavenging tendency of the extract against the tested free radicals. The GC-MS analysis observed the presence of 35 different compounds each belonging to different classes such as sterols, flavonoids, terpenes, heterocyclic aromatic compounds, phenols, fatty acids, vitamins, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenoids. The results indicate that the ethanolic extract of Sida acuta leaves collected from the Tuticorin District of Tamil Nadu is an effective scavenger of free radicals and has the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant which is attributable to the rich presence of its secondary metabolites.

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Antioxidant Enzymes and Human Health

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects?

Is There a Link between Zinc Intake and Status with Plasma Fatty Acid Profile and Desaturase Activities in Dyslipidemic Subjects?

Antioxidants: An Overview on the Natural and Synthetic Types

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