Antioxidant effect of hydroxytyrosol on human sperm quality duringin vitroincubation

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on human sperm quality during incubation in vitro. Semen samples collected from men attending the Laboratory of Histology-Embryology of Sfax Faculty of Medicine (Tunisia) for infertility investigations were evaluated for initial sperm parameters. Only normal selected ejaculates (n = 15) were centrifuged and incubated further with or without HT (200ug ml ) at room temperature for 45 min. After incubation, sperm motility and viability, DNA oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed. The results showed that centrifugation significantly influenced sperm motility and viability. The supplementation of HT in incubating media improved (P = 0.01) significantly sperm viability and decreased sperm DNA oxidation (P < 0.001) and ROS levels (P = 0.03) following centrifugation. It can be concluded that supplementation of HT might be helpful to maintain the human spermatozoon after centrifugation.

Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Acephate on Human Sperm

“…Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential by different pesticides could lead to reduction in sperm motility [24]. Sperm motility also depend on the intense transformation and energy expense produced via the mitochondria oxidative pathways and pesticides could interfere with oxidative pathways producing delayed sperm motility eventually leading to cell death [25]. Furthermore, pesticide metabolites could interfere with mitochondrial oxidative reactions leading to production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreasing the production of ATP resulting in motility impairments [25].…”

“…Sperm motility also depend on the intense transformation and energy expense produced via the mitochondria oxidative pathways and pesticides could interfere with oxidative pathways producing delayed sperm motility eventually leading to cell death [25]. Furthermore, pesticide metabolites could interfere with mitochondrial oxidative reactions leading to production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreasing the production of ATP resulting in motility impairments [25]. Oxidative stress has been reported to be the primary mechanism of organophosphate including acephate [26] toxicity.…”

“…Loss of integrity can lead to an increase in membrane permeability and loss of capacity to regulate the intracellular concentrations of ions involved in control of sperm movement [27]. The overall effect of membrane damage might be responsible for continuous decrease in sperm motility and viability after ejaculation [25]. …”

“…In the present study it was shown that hyperactivated spermatozoa decreased in high concentration and decreased with increased incubation time, indicating impaired sperm capacitation. Sperm membrane and mitochondria are essential in powering hyperactivation and any damage to sperm membrane and sperm mitochondria may lead to reduction in capacitated sperm [25]. OP is known to impair capacitation through inhibition of AchE when incubated with sperm in vitro [31].…”

“…Integrity of sperm DNA is vital to transmit genetic information during reproduction and any damage to DNA could result in infertility [25]. DNA bases and phosphodiester backbones are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress induced damage because their plasma membranes contain large quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their cytoplasm contains low concentrations of scavenging enzymes [25]. Hence, high levels of ROS could result in double-strand DNA breaks commonly observed in the spermatozoa of infertile men [32].…”