Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Acephate on Human Sperm

Dhanushka, M. A. T.; Peiris, L.D.C.

doi:10.1155/2017/3874817

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As they inhibit AChE activity, when men are exposed to OP insecticides, this may result in altered sperm structure and function, contributing toward deterioration in human semen quality and triggering infertility. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit brain AChE activity and disturb pituitary gonadotropin 9. At maximum dosages, OP insecticides have been shown to exert cytotoxic effects on sperm and to reduce both sperm-fertilizing ability and sperm motility 10.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pesticide exposure on reproductivity of male groundnut farmers in Kyauk Kan village, Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar

Lwin¹,

Than²,

Min³

et al. 2018

RMHP

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IntroductionKyauk Kan village of Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar is one of the most famous groundnut-growing zones and has been exposed to pesticides.MethodsThis study design provided evaluation of within-person changes in the season across growing and nongrowing periods. A cross-sectional study was performed to identify health problems related to organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure, to explore the protected use of this pesticide among 400 participants in the community by face-to-face interviews, and to determine the reproductive effects of OP exposure by using biomarkers of 100 male groundnut farmers aged 18–49 years.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 37.5±9.45 years. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences in seminal parameters (P<0.05 for pH, viscosity, motility, morphology, and sperm count) and in a reproductive hormonal assay (P<0.05 in follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone) between the growing and nongrowing periods. Blood-cholinesterase levels of plasma cholinesterase in the growing period were significantly higher than those in the nongrowing period (P<0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that chronic exposure related to OP dose may reduce potential male reproductivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pesticide exposure on reproductivity of male groundnut farmers in Kyauk Kan village, Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar

Lwin¹,

Than²,

Min³

et al. 2018

RMHP

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“…Progressive motility of spermatozoa and nuclear integrity is extremely important for successful fertilization [67]. Increased head abnormalities [68,69] and impaired sperm motility [70] leads to a reduction in fertilizing ability [71,72]. Exposure to Judo 40 led to impaired sperm motility and nuclear integrity [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Kudavidanage

Dissanayake

Keerthirathna

et al. 2020

Biology

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Pesticides are known to result in toxic insult. We aimed to evaluate Judo 40, the commercial formulation of chlorpyrifos on the neurological activities, fertility, and hormone levels of male rats. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with 1 mL of 20 or 50 mg/kg Judo 40. The doses were administered four times, twice a day. Sexual and exploratory behavior indices, fertility indices, serum androgen levels, blood acetylcholinesterase (BChE) levels, and neurological and muscular effects were evaluated. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone were significantly reduced in the rats receiving 50 mg/kg Judo 40. A reduction in viable implantation sites and live pups born were evident in the female rats mated with the male rats treated with the highest dose. Similarly, in the rats treated with the highest dose of Judo 40, a significant reduction in plasma BChE enzyme was observed. According to the results, prolonged Judo 40 exposure can cause impairment of the neurological alterations and sex hormones leading to impaired fertility. Therefore, chemical handlers should be educated on protection and risk minimization.Biology 2020, 9, 49 2 of 15 environment, chemical formulations of CPFs such as Judo 40 will undergo evaporation, hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and microbial metabolism [15]. Owing to active soil absorption and the low water dissolubility of CPFs, this can result in the contamination of percolated water, runoff water, and sediments [16], leading to a high accumulation of CPF residues, thus posing acute and chronic health risks to consumers [17].It has been documented that the occupational exposure of humans to pesticides, including CPFs, are high [18]. However, in developing countries, small-scale farmers are continuously exposed to pesticides through mixing, filling, and spraying using backpack sprinklers [19]. They are further at a high risk due to the limited usage of protective gear and lack of awareness on safety [20]. In Sri Lanka, farmers are inclined to use about 30%-40% higher quantities of chemical formulations of CPF than the dose levels recommended by the manufacturers [21]. Growing evidence also indicates that CPF exposure can result in fetal developmental problems, including issues with the weight and head circumference of newborn babies [22], and high incidences of prostate and lung cancers in adults [23]. Alvarez et al. [24] reported that the soil can recover up to 25 ppm of CPF and the percentage decrease with increasing of the initial concentration [25]. The use of commercial formulations of pesticides can aggravate the toxic effects more than use of the pure active ingredient [26].The active ingredient of Judo 40, CPF, is principally responsible for the accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh) as a result of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) action in animal tissues, and is highly toxic to many animals including copepods, amphipods [27], fish [28], birds, and mammals [29]. It was reported that chronic exposure to 30 days of chronic doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) of CPF led to a decrease in spe...

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“…2,4-D e seus sais Câncer de estômago, linfoma não Hodgkin, mal de Alzheimer, mal de Parkinson, esclerose lateral amiotrópica, infertilidade (Mostafalou & Abdollahi, 2017) Abamectina Infertilidade, baixa qualidade do sêmen (Mostafalou & Abdollahi, 2017) Acefato Citotóxico e genotóxico sobre espermatozoides humanos (Dhanushka & Peiris, 2017), diabetes tipo 2, hiperglicemia, disfunção no metabolismo de lipídios, danos ao DNA e câncer (Ribeiro et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ingrediente Ativo Efeitos Associados à Exposiçãounclassified

Agrotóxicos: críticas à regulação que permite o envenenamento do país

Hess

Nodari

Lopes-Ferreira

2021

Desenvolv. Meio Ambiente

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O artigo contém uma análise das autorizações para a comercialização e o consumo de agrotóxicos no país na última década, bem como os seus efeitos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente. No período entre 2010 e 2018, a quantidade de agrotóxicos comercializados no Brasil aumentou mais do que o dobro do que cresceu a área cultivada no país. A permissividade da gestão de agrotóxicos no Brasil é ilustrada pelo fato de que, do total de ingredientes ativos químicos com registro no país em julho de 2020, 121 (30%) não tinham uso permitido na União Europeia (EU). A razão da proibição do uso na EU dos produtos autorizados no Brasil, no período referido, está associada aos efeitos adversos a humanos e a outros organismos resultantes da exposição aos ingredientes químicos de agrotóxicos, já descritos na literatura científica. Soja, milho, algodão e cana-de-açúcar constam entre as culturas que tiveram o maior número de novos agrotóxicos com uso autorizado no Brasil entre janeiro de 2019 e junho de 2020. Outra falta de rigor na gestão de agrotóxicos é ilustrada pela deriva, que causa danos agudos e crônicos a terceiros. Adicionalmente, a fragilidade da norma brasileira refere-se ao estabelecimento de um valor de dose, abaixo da qual eles seriam seguros. Contudo, resultados experimentais de estudos mostraram, por exemplo, que os agrotóxicos à base de glifosato, melation e piriproxifem causaram a morte de embriões de peixes em apenas 24 horas de exposição, independentemente da concentração utilizada, desafiando assim a hipótese de que existe dose segura para a exposição a tais produtos. Dessa forma, é urgente não só aumentar o rigor científico dos estudos sobre o tema, mas também promover a participação pública nas tomadas de decisão, garantindo o acesso a todas as informações contidas nos dossiês que acompanham as solicitações de registro e de autorização dos agrotóxicos.

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Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Acephate on Human Sperm

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of pesticide exposure on reproductivity of male groundnut farmers in Kyauk Kan village, Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar

Effects of pesticide exposure on reproductivity of male groundnut farmers in Kyauk Kan village, Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar

Commercial Formulation of Chlorpyrifos Alters Neurological Behaviors and Fertility

Agrotóxicos: críticas à regulação que permite o envenenamento do país

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