Antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase and antibacterial activities of the bark extracts of Garcinia hombroniana

Abstract

This study reports an antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, antibacterial activities and total flavonoids content of different extracts (water, methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane) of the bark of Garcinia hombroniana. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin Ciocalteu assay (FCA). Ethyl acetate extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH = 8667.7 ±166.6 μmol TE/g (trolox equivalent), ABTS (IC50 = 3.03 μg/ml), FRAP (5579.8 ± 117.7.7 μmol TE/g) and FCA = 3320.4 ± 98.3 μmol GAE/g (gallic acid equivalent)). The flavonoids content of ethyl acetate extract is 2385.7 ± 87.3 RE/g (rutin equivalent) and 3317.6 ± 131.0 QE/g (quercetin equivalent) while the methanol extract is 2234.0 ± 90.0 RE/g and 3090.0 ± 135.1 QE/g). Both extracts are statistically close to each other. In anti-cholinesterase study, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes with IC 50 of 13.73 ± 1.56 and 32.17 ± 0.36 μg/ml, respectively. Dichloromethane and nhexane extracts showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The results of this study showed that the bark extracts of G. hombroniana have valuable pharmacological activities.

Evaluation and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Leaves, Pericarps and Pulps of Three Garcinia Species in Malaysia Yik-Ling Chew, and Yau-Yan Lim

“…To date, there are more than fifty xanthones isolated from G. mangostana [15][16] and thirteen xanthones have been isolated from G. hombroniana. [13][14][17][18][19] Xanthones have been widely reported to exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and antiviral activities. 15,20 Antioxidative properties exhibited by xanthones, benzophenones and flavonoids would correspond to the high FRS and FRP in G. mangostana and G. hombroniana.…”

Phytochemical profile and diverse pharmacology of Garcinia celebica L

“…Phytochemical studies have been extensively carried out on different parts of G. celebica resulting in the identification of various classes of secondary metabolites including benzophenones, triterpenoids, xanthones, flavonoids and bisflavonoids. In addition to these classes, sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, depisidones, sterols, benzoic acid derivatives, coumaric acids, fatty acids and ionone-derived glycosides also enrich the diversity of the phytochemistry of G. celebica [ 13 , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] ]. To date, as many as 100 compounds have been identified in this review according to our search.…”

Antioxidant Activity and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition Assay with Total Flavonoid Content from Garcinia hombroniana Pierre Leaves

“…People familiar with G. hombroniana Pierre as mangosteen family of plants that are ornamental plants, food crops, and as a traditional medicine for itchy. 2 Previous research has been conducted on the bark of G. hombroniana Pierre which showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest content of flavonoid and antioxidant activity EC 50 values obtained by FRAP method is 5579.8 ± 117.7 mol TE (Trolox Equivalent)/g. 2 Garcinia hombroniana Pierre leaves extract have been known to contain flavonoid, 3 but it has not been known yet for its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity.…”

“…2 Previous research has been conducted on the bark of G. hombroniana Pierre which showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the highest content of flavonoid and antioxidant activity EC 50 values obtained by FRAP method is 5579.8 ± 117.7 mol TE (Trolox Equivalent)/g. 2 Garcinia hombroniana Pierre leaves extract have been known to contain flavonoid, 3 but it has not been known yet for its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity tested by using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) method and inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of G. hombroniana leaves extract.…”