Evaluation and Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Leaves, Pericarps and Pulps of Three Garcinia Species in Malaysia Yik-Ling Chew, and Yau-Yan Lim

Abstract

Background:Garcinia genus plants are a group of well-known fruit trees in Malaysia.The botanical parts of the trees are used for medicinal purposes, where they are prepared as decoction, pastes for wound infections, and some have been consumed as food. Objectives: This paper focused on the assessment of antioxidant potential of three selected Garcinia species commonly used in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Fresh plant materials were extracted using maceration, and various antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. In vitro antioxidant properties studied were total phenolic and anthocyanin content, free radical scavenging (FRS), ferric reducing power (FRP) and ferrous ion chelating (FIC) activities. Results: G. mangostana leaves and pericarps were found to consist of the highest TPC, FRS and FRP activities, followed by G. hombroniana and G. atroviridis. TAC was found only in G. mangostana pericarps. For fruit pulps, G. hombroniana exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (TPC, FRS and FRP), while G. mangostana had the lowest activities. FIC activity of the Garcinia samples behaved in dose-dependent manner and not correlated with TPC and other antioxidant activities. Conclusion: In general, G. mangostana and G. hombroniana leaves and pericarps exhibited good antioxidant activities, but the antioxidant activities in their fruit pulps were relatively low. G. atroviridis leaves and pericarps generally have lower antioxidant activities than the other species.

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“…The cessation of a radical chain reaction can be achieved through the electron donation by a sample possessing significant reducing power, leading to the formation of a stable molecule by the accepting free radical [33,34]. The current investigation found that the EGA's reducing ability was comparable to that of previous studies, as displayed in Figure 1B [35]. Previous research has shown that hydroxyl radicals, which are produced naturally, are highly reactive free radicals, and that humans lack enzymes that can neutralize them [36].…”

Drying Effects on Phenolics and Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity of Rhus pachyrrhachis and Rhus virens Used in Traditional Medicine

“…Although both species are closely related and collected in a common climatic niche, their general phenolic compound contents and free radical-scavenging capacities were different. This coincides with the different accumulation patterns of phytochemicals observed between closely related species and even in plants of the same variety, indicating that accumulation patterns are influenced by environmental and endogenous parameters [37,38,39]. In the case of the Rhus genus, it has been reported that phenolic compounds and antioxidants vary between species and between populations of the same species.…”

Formulation of Botanical Shampoo Infused with Standardised Mangosteen Peel Extract for Healthy Hair and Scalp

“…Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) peel is discarded as waste in the agricultural industry. The peel is rich in phytochemicals including anthocyanins, xanthones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavonols [1,3]. These phytochemicals could exhibit numerous pharmacological activities related to the maintenance of healthy hair and scalp, namely antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities [1,4].…”