Formulation of Botanical Shampoo Infused with Standardised Mangosteen Peel Extract for Healthy Hair and Scalp

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a growing demand for shampoos derived from botanical sources due to their avoidance of synthetic and highly allergenic chemicals used as bioactives and excipients. These hair care products are free from sulfates, parabens, silicones, synthetic fragrances, and artificial colours. Natural shampoos are sustainable, skin-friendly, and eco-friendly to the environment. Garcinia mangostana (Mangosteen) peel is usually discarded as agricultural waste. It consists of numerous bioactives which exhibit promising activities for hair care and scalp maintenance. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a novel hair shampoo containing standardised mangosteen peel extract. The formulation of the mangosteen shampoo utilised botanical ingredients and naturally derived components. It underwent an evaluation to assess its physicochemical properties, including visual inspection, pH, surface tension, percentage solid content, wetting time, foam ability and stability, as well as dirt dispersion. These properties were then compared to those of two commercially available hair shampoos. Its antimicrobial activity towards Malassezia furfur ATCC 14521 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was also examined and compared with the commercial shampoo using the microbroth dilution method. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay. It was noticed that all formulations (F1–F4) had acceptable physicochemical properties, and they fell within the standard range. F2 had the best antifungal activity (MIC 0.039 mg/mL, MFC 0.156 mg/mL), and moderate antibacterial (MIC 2.50 mg/mL, MBC 5.00 mg/mL) and antioxidant activities (IC50 21.9 ± 3.27 mg/mL; AEAC 26.3 ± 4.06 mg AA/100 g sample). A microscopic examination of hair strands after washing revealed the successful removal of artificial sebum, signifying a good detergency effect. The physical and chemical properties of the hair shampoo formula remained stable without phase separation. In conclusion, the formulated clean hair shampoo with standardised mangosteen peel extract has good cleansing properties, and it is effective in inhibiting dandruff-causing microbial and scavenging free radicals.

Stability and Cleansing Function Enhancement of Organic Shampoo by a Vortex Fluidic Device

“…Although the surface of the hair washed by both shampoos was smoother than the original hair, the surface of the hair washed by VFDprocessed organic shampoo (Figure 10) showed the best smoothness, which indicated the best cleansing function. Sang et al 48 reported a positive correlation between the foaming capability and cleansing function of shampoo products; the impact of licorice shampoo on obviation of hair problems was improved with better foaming capacity.…”

Enhancing the Physical Characteristics and Shelf Life of Rice Water (Oryza Sativa L.) Gel Shampoo: The Role of Propylene Glycol Concentration

“…More consumers prefer to use plant-based hair shampoos, which are natural and sustainable. Recent reports show that formulated herbal shampoos can also be equivalent to commercially available ones [7]. Compared to other preparations, the formulation of shampoo preparation in the gel is preferable due to some advantages, such as the high viscosity and adhesion that prevent the gel from flowing too quickly on the skin surface, the pseudoplastic property that makes it easy to spread when applied, no marks left, the film-like thin layer when applied, the easily-washed property, and the cool sensation after use [8,9].…”