Antioxidant, anti-alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of the endemic halophyte Limonium spathulatum (Desf.) kuntze on LPS-stimulated RAW264 macrophages

Growth Characteristics, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Capacity of Trachyandra ciliata (L.f) Kunth Grown in Hydroponics under Varying Degrees of Salinity

“…This oxidative stress induced by these environmental factors leads to increased production of secondary metabolites, otherwise known as phytochemicals, to protect the plant from the adverse effect of stress [11]. During oxidative stress, plants release antioxidants that neutralize free radicals, and those antioxidants are very important to humans as they prevent sickness and diseases when consumed in the form of fruits and vegetables [12,13].…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are derivatives produced during aerobic metabolism and are active in numerous essential signaling pathways within plants [13]. Reactive oxygen species are valuable to plants because they support cellular proliferation, biological functions, and sustainability.…”

Identification of Phenolic Compounds by LC-MS/MS and Evaluation of Bioactive Properties of Two Edible Halophytes: Limonium effusum and L. sinuatum

“…In a previous report, infusions and decoctions prepared from aerial parts of L. algarvense exhibited moderate activity on AChE (IC 50 = 220 ± 0.01 and 390 ± 0.02 µg/mL, respectively) and BChE (IC 50 = 840 ± 0.04 and 960 ± 0.01 µg/mL, respectively) [ 37 ]. Mazouz et al [ 38 ] indicated that methanol and methanol:water extracts of L. spatulatum significantly inhibited both AChE (IC 50 = 31.14 ± 0.44 and 3.28 ± 0.16 µg/mL, respectively) and BChE (IC 50 = 36.65 ± 0.34 and 26.64 ± 0.96 µg/mL, respectively); however, the chloroform extract of the plant was not active. In a recent study, Senizza et al [ 21 ] reported that the L. sinuatum root extract was the most active sample tested against AChE and BChE (5.11 mg galantamine equivalent/g and 10.75 mg galantamine equavalent/g, respectively) among the methanol extracts obtained from the aerial parts and roots of six Limonium species.…”

“…Natural compounds from different chemical classes, such as alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and stilbenes, were reported to have anticholinesterase activity [ 36 ]. On the other hand, besides the individual anticholinesterase activity of some phenolic compounds, such as phenolic, gallic, salicylic, and vanillic acids and flavonoids, such as myricetin, apigenin, and quercetin, which are known, it was also reported that the combination of these different groups of compounds might increase or decrease anticholinesterase activity [ 38 , 39 ]. As a result, different groups of compounds or the synergistic effect of flavonoids and phenolic acids or other compounds may be attributed to the anticholinesterase activity observed in this study.…”

“…These findings conclude that not only major compounds, such as tannic acid and hyperoside, but also minor phenolics and other types of compounds in L. sinuatum or their synergistic potential may contribute to pancreatic lipase inhibition. On the contrary, phenolic compounds may interact with each other; thus, the combination of phenolics may cause a decrease in the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, as it happens in anticholinesterase activity studies [ 38 , 39 ]. Further investigation is needed to understand the interaction between different phenolic compounds on the pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.…”