Growth Characteristics, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Capacity of Trachyandra ciliata (L.f) Kunth Grown in Hydroponics under Varying Degrees of Salinity

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of salinity and soilless media on the vegetative growth, phytochemicals, and antioxidant capacity of Trachyandra ciliata (wild cabbage) to develop its growth protocol and explore its potential as a natural source of secondary metabolites. Treatments consisted of different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), control- 0 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM, 400 mM, while different in vitro assays were used for phytochemical and antioxidant screenings. Findings from the study showed that low salinity (100 mM) significantly increased chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf number, plant fresh weight, and production of inflorescence, particularly in Peat-Perlite-Vermiculite (PPV) medium. In contrast, the control was the most productive treatment in plant dry weight except for the inflorescence. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in 200 mM of NaCl treatment in combination with PPV medium, which also produced the highest mean values for polyphenols, while 100 mM was the best for flavonols. Therefore, T. ciliata proved to be more productive vegetatively under low salinity in combination with PPV soilless media. A combination of 200 mM + PPV treatment was also recommended for maximum production of antioxidants for T. ciliata.

Antioxidant, Antihypertensive, Hypoglycaemic and Nootropic Activity of a Polyphenolic Extract from the Halophyte Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum)

“…The ice plant extract showed good antioxidant activity ( Table 1 ). The value obtained for DPPH was similar to that found by Ngxabi et al [ 24 ] in an extract of the halophytic species Trachyandra ciliate (19.01–9.39 μmol TE/g). The ice plant extract showed 88 μEq Trolox/g determined by ORAC.…”

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“…There are no previous studies carried out for preliminary phytochemical screening of K. capensis and T. asperata, however, the phytochemical characterization of their relatively well-studied close species K. foetidissima and T. ciliate revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, phenols, steroids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, as well as saponins. [24,28] To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of K. capensis and T. asperata, thus, we suggest that these plant species may be useful as potential sources of novel secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications.…”

“…[26,27] In another study, Trachyandra ciliata (L.f.) Kunth., a species closely related to T. asperata, has shown potent antioxidant activity. [28] According to Moshi et al, [20] plant extracts showing the LC 50 values >500 µg/mL on brine shrimp are considered non-toxic and Kabubii et al, 2015, categorized it as low toxicity potential. [29] In the present study, K. capensis showed relatively higher cytotoxic effects with LC 50 value of 102.37 ± 0.19 µg/mL while T. asperata extract showed lower toxicity potential with the LC 50 value of 522.75 ± 0.35 µg/mL.…”

Interactive Effects of Salinity Stress and Irrigation Intervals on Plant Growth, Nutritional Value, and Phytochemical Content in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

“…This improved drought tolerance under salinity may be due to osmotic adjustment through higher Na + and proline accumulation and antioxidative enzymes [64]. Nevertheless, the leaves of ice plants subjected to both salinity and water stress possessed more polyphenols and flavonols than other promising edible halophytes in South Africa, such as Chenopodium album, Trachyandra divaricata, Trachyandra ciliata [21,[65][66][67], and Tetragonia decumbens [24,68]. This suggests that the leaves of this plant may be a good source of nutritional antioxidants.…”