Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum: In Silico, Biochemical and Histological Study

Abstract

In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum aqueous extracts were examined in a carrageenan-induced acute inflammation model. Some markers of inflammation such as hematological parameters, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein were measured. Variables reflecting oxidative stress included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation of protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione were determined in both inflamed foci and erythrocytes. The in silico molecular docking simulation showed that the main components of Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum bound to toll-like receptor 6 (TLR6) with high affinities. Moreover, histological examinations of paw edema were carried out. Both Zingiber officinale roscoe and Allium subhirsutum ameliorated the induced inflammation and oxidative stress status as outlined by anti-edematous, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Our investigation lends pharmacological support to the medical uses of these spices in the management of inflammatory disorders and oxidative damage. The results of the in silico assay satisfactory explain the in vivo effects as compared with indomethacin.

The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats

“…Long-term instability and high concentration of ROS may cause cellular injury by damaging both proteins and membrane lipids, the perturbation of antioxidant enzymes and the breakdown of the nucleic acids, particularly DNA [ 8 , 9 ]. Higher concentrations of intracellular ROS might eventually lead to angiogenesis pathological damage, promoting inflammation [ 10 , 11 ], which makes blood flow and nutritional requirements unable to meet the needs of wound healing [ 12 ].…”

“…Many antioxidants in medicinal plant extracts are used to eliminate the negative effects of ROS-associated pathologies and/or injuries including wound healing [ 11 , 13 , 14 ]. Over the years, medicinal plants have been used to develop a variety of formulations that combat injuries such as wounds, burns and cuts [ 15 ].…”

“…Garlic species are used as dietary supplements and an important ingredient for cooking in many parts of the world and their application in medicinal remedy has also increased its popularity [ 11 , 17 , 20 ]. Garlic species are known to have diverse biological activities, particularly due to their antioxidant properties.…”

“…Allium subhirsutum L. is an aromatic plant known since antiquity. It was investigated in terms of its potential antioxidant components such as flavonoids and polyphenols [ 10 , 11 , 21 ]. Previous studies reported that it is a potential source of anticancer and antioxidant molecules [ 16 ].…”

“…Furthermore, garlic is also rich in different bioactive compounds like allicin, glutathione diallyl sulfides [ 24 ] and important minerals (selenium, manganese and zinc) which encourage its consumption. Pre-treatment with garlic significantly reduced levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, and thus enhanced the antioxidant system [ 11 , 25 ]. Recent studies [ 26 ] revealed that the application of bioactive molecules with antioxidant activities improved wound healing and protected against oxidative damage.…”