Antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium) fruits

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The fruits of Sideroxylon obtusifolium T.D. Penn. are small berries which have dark purple skin color at maturity due the anthocyanins presence. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from mature fruits which were obtained at a semi-arid region of Paraiba/BR. In addition, the total anthocyanins content was measured by the pH differential method. The anthocyanins were purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges and submitted to antioxidant activity determined by scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH • ). The butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was the positive control and the results were expressed as DPPH• scavenging activity (%). Anthocyanins content were higher in the husks (236.15 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100g-1 fw) than in the pulp (30.49 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100 g -1 fw). The results showed that the potential free radical scavenging grew with the increase of concentration used and the reaction time. The ability of the anthocyanins in scavenging the free radical was statistically greater than the BHT one. The anthocyanins which were present in this fruit may supply substantial dietary source of antioxidant that may promote health and produce disease prevention effects or that could be applied in food industry as a good source of natural pigments. Keywords: quixaba, native fruits, natural pigment, DPPH• radical RESUMO: Atividade antioxidante de antocianinas de frutos de quixabeira (Sideroxylon obtusifolium). Os frutos da Sideroxylon obtusifolium TD Penn., são bagas pequenas que, quando maduras, apresentam a coloração roxo-escuro devido à presença de antocianinas. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a atividade antioxidante das antocianinas desses frutos maduros obtidos da região do semiárido da Paraíba/BR. Além disso, o teor de antocianinas total foi quantificado pelo método de pH diferencial. As antocianinas foram purificadas por extração em fase sólida (EFS) utilizando cartuchos Sep-Pak C18 e submetidas à avaliação da atividade antioxidante por meio da capacidade de sequestrar o radical DPPH • . Butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT) foi utilizado como controle positivo e os resultados foram expressos como percentual de sequestro de radical livre. Os resultados demonstraram que o teor de antocianinas presente nas cascas foi maior (236,15 mg de cianidina-3-glicosídeo 100g -1 , peso fresco) do que na polpa (30,49 mg de cianidina-3-glicosídeo 100g -1 , peso fresco) e que o percentual de sequestro de radical livre aumentou com o aumento da concentração utilizada e o tempo de reação. A habilidade das antocianinas em sequestrar o radical livre foi estatisticamente superior à do BHT. As antocianinas presentes nesta fruta podem fornecer fonte dietética significativa de antioxidantes que podem promover a saúde e produzir efeitos de prevenção de doenças ou ser aplicada na indústria de alimentos como uma boa fonte de pigmentos naturais.Palavras-chave: quixaba, frutas nativas, pigmento natural, radical DPPH

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