Antineuritic Yeast Concentrates

Kinnersley, Henry Wulff; Peters, Rudolph

doi:10.1042/bj0210777

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Safe conclusions can be drawn only from a preponderance of the evidence resulting from numerous experiments conducted under rigidly controlled conditions. Peters and coworkers (Peters, 1924;Kinnersley, Peters and Reader, 1928) describe their technique for the use of the pigeon as a reagent. These papers will repay careful study by those interested in this method.…”

Section: Quantitative Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamins / by H.C. Sherman and S.L. Smith.

Sherman¹,

Smith²

1931

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Collecting Net" by Dr. S. Morgulis, and presented to the Marine Biological Laboratory * Notable among such writings is that of Pekhelharing (1G05) recently recalled by van Leersum, Science, October 8, 1926. is certainly too modest, since an accessory substance would ordinarily be judged to be dispensable whereas the indispensability of these substances is one of their most marked characteristics.In order to avoid these difficulties McCollum suggested that, until THE VITAMINS Chamberlain, Vedder, and their associates (1911) of the United States army medical commission for the study of tropical diseases in the PhiHppines were able to report in 1910 the rapid eradication of beriberi from the native troops known as Philippine Scouts, and promptly began a systematic investigation looking toward the chemical identification of the antineuritic substance. As has been mentioned briefly in the preceding chapter, they found the neuritis-preventing substance to be soluble in water and alcohol but insoluble in ether, readily dialyzable through an ordinary parchment membrane, rather readily adsorbed by bone black, and gradually decomposed by heating at temperatures in the region of 115°C. to 125°C . Attempts to identify it with any one of a number of salts and organic phosphorus compounds, with choline or lipoids of the lecithin group, and with arginine, histidine, asparagine or other amino acids were unsuccessful. They suggested that, though not identical with any of the nitrogen compounds tested, the antineuritic substance might prove to be a nitrogenous base but not an alkaloid.Simultaneously with this work, Fraser and Stanton (1911) had shown that the antineuritic substance is soluble in both alcohol and water, stable to heat in acid solution, and much more readily destroyed in alkaline solution. Cooper and Funk (1911) reported that dried, pressed yeast hydrolyzed for 24 hours with 20 per cent sulfuric acid still retained its curative properties. They also confirmed the results of Fraser and Stanton concerning the antineuritic action of the alcoholic extract of rice polishings and carried the process further by finding that the active substance was completely precipitated from a water solution of the extract by means of phosphotungstic acid and that on decomposing the precipitate with barium hydroxide an active substance free from phosphorus, carbohydrate, and protein was obtained. Following this, Funk (1911) announced the isolation from rice polishings of a crystalline nitrogenous compound which he held to be the curative substance. Shortly afterward (1912a) he corrected some of his previous statements regarding this substance, which he provisionally named beriberi vitamine (1912c). At this time he offered evidence indicating that it was a free base probably belonging to the pyrimidine group analogous to uracil and thymine and possibly a constituent of nucleic acid.While later work has hardly supported such definite conclusions as to the chemical nature of the antineuritic substance, yet considerable interest attache...

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Section: Quantitative Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitamins / by H.C. Sherman and S.L. Smith.

Sherman¹,

Smith²

1931

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“…Laquer & Schultz [1931] andVan Veen [1932], however, considered that vitamin B1 did not give a Pauly reaction as ordinarily carried out or as modified by Koessler & Hanke [1919]. By increasing the alkalinity of the reaction as carried out by Koessler & Hanke, Kinnersley & Peters [1927] found that vitamin B1 gave a pink colour instead of a yellow one, but this was tinged with yellow and faded gradually. Later, Kinnersley & Peters [1934] found that the pink colour could be intensified and stabilized by the addition of formaldehyde but that the yellow colour still persisted.…”

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An azo colour reaction for the determination of vitamin B1 in national flour

Platt

Glock

1943

Biochemical Journal

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“…103 Kinnersley and Peters applied the Jansen and Donath method to some yeast fractions without success. 109 They were inclined to attribute their failure to some peculiarity of yeast extracts, a speculation borne out by Williams' similar experience with yeast. Later they were supplied with Jansen and Donath's crystals, and they noted that the crystals and torulin each gave a positive Pauly test.110 Tests of the crystals by the curative pigeon and rat methods yielded the following positive results: pigeon, 0.007 mg. daily by injection; pigeon, 0.009 mg. daily by mouth; rat, 0.005 mg. daily.…”

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Review of Recent Studies on the Antineuritic Vitamin

Kruse¹

1932

JAMA

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For more than a decade the antineuritic principle has been designated as vitamin B, but developments of the past two years have imparted to the latter term an ambiguity that has led to much perplexity. Not only is the chemical nature of vitamin B still unknown, but just what should be included under the term has become largely a matter of individual preference or persuasion. It is not without interest to trace the varied changes which the concept of this vitamin has undergone. What was originally the antineuritic substance of Eijkman and Funk,1 which was a specific for the cure of polyneuritis in pigeons, and what was the independently discovered water-soluble B of McCollum,2 which was demonstrated to be necessary for growth in the rat, became merged into the substance vitamin B,3 following the demonstration that those natural foods curing polyneuritis likewise promoted growth in animals.4 Thus vitamin B was regarded as one substance, capable of both preventing polyneuritis and furthering growth. But the simplicity of the view was dispelled by convincing evidence that this vitamin actually comprised at least two substances, differentiated on the basis of sensitivity to heat.5 After a period of utmost confusion in terminology, agreement was finally reached in this country e by designating the antineuritic, thermolabile component as vitamin B, and the antidermatitis,7 thermostable substance as vitamin G. The British, preferring the subscript system, retained the names Bj and B, for the respective fractions. As the result of this insight into the multiple nature of water-soluble B, there was no longer a water-soluble B growth factor per se; both components, B and G, were deemed necessary for increase of weight in rats.At once it was appreciated that much of the vast accumulation of facts concerning the distribution, properties and physiologic behavior of vitamin B, recorded when it was held to be a unit substance, would have to be exhumed and reexamined in the light of its dual nature. For the production of uncomplicated vitamin B deficiency, the method now usually involved inclusion of autoclaved yeast as a source of vitamin G in the basal diet. But the provision of vitamin B alone was not so readily achieved because of its instability to heat and because so relatively few foodstuffs contained it to the exclusion of vitamin G. However, by suitable selection of such grains as wheat and corn, which were found to be relatively richer in B than in G, and by taking advantage of the greater solubility of B in strong alcohol, extracts were prepared containing predominantly the B component. With the perfection of this technic, investigations on vitamin B were renewed with an intensity that even yet has only slightly abated. But new complications appeared with the use of moderately refined concentrates of vitamin B, because these products, while curing polyneuritis, very often would not support growth, even when supplemented with a source of vitamin G. So, almost before the novelty of the dual nature of the B complex had wo...

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Antineuritic Yeast Concentrates

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

The vitamins / by H.C. Sherman and S.L. Smith.

The vitamins / by H.C. Sherman and S.L. Smith.

An azo colour reaction for the determination of vitamin B1 in national flour

Review of Recent Studies on the Antineuritic Vitamin

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