Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci from imported beef meat

Abstract

BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to characterize the diversity and magnitude of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus species recovered from imported beef meat sold in the Egyptian market and the potential mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial resistance phenotypes including harboring of resistance genes (mecA, cfr, gyrA, gyrB, and grlA) and biofilm formation.ResultsThe resistance gene mecA was detected in 50% of methicillin-resistant non-Staphylococcus aureus isolates (4/8). Interestingly, our results showed that: (i) resistance genes mecA, gyrA, gyrB, grlA, and cfr were absent in Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus hemolyticus isolates, although S. hominis was phenotypically resistant to methicillin (MR-non-S. aureus) while S. hemolyticus was resistant to vancomycin only; (ii) S. aureus isolates did not carry the mecA gene (100%) and were phenotypically characterized as methicillin- susceptible S. aureus (MSS); and (iii) the resistance gene mecA was present in one isolate (1/3) of Staphylococcus lugdunensis that was phenotypically characterized as methicillin-susceptible non-S. aureus (MSNSA).ConclusionsOur findings highlight the potential risk for consumers, in the absence of actionable risk management information systems, of imported foods and advice a strict implementation of international standards by different venues such as CODEX to avoid the increase in prevalence of coagulase positive and coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates and their antibiotic resistance genes in imported beef meat at the Egyptian market.

Retracted: Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in hospital food samples; prevalence and antimicrobial resistance properties

“…Momtaz, Dehkordi, Rahimi, Ezadi, et al () and Momtaz, Dehkordi, Rahimi, Asgarifar, et al () indicated that S. aureus strains isolated from chicken meat samples had high levels of resistance against streptomycin (31.70%), tetracycline (97.56%), trimethoprim (31.70%), enrofloxacin (28.04%), gentamicin (29.26%), sulfamethoxazole (31.70%), cephalothin (17.07%), ampicillin (26.82%), chloramphenicol (20.73%), and methicillin (75.60%) antibiotics which were similar to our findings. Osman et al () reported that S. aureus strains of food samples collected from Egypt had high prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (26.08%), methicillin (34.78%), erythromycin (26.08%), chloramphenicol (4.34%), ciprofloxacin (30.43%), vancomycin (39.13%), and tetracycline (26.08%) antibiotics. They showed that 96% of strains were resistant to penicillin and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole antibiotics.…”

Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Amikacin with Cefotaxime against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Its Biofilm Genes Expression

“…Such discrepancy when interpreting the results may be possible since the test itself was not originally designed for investigating P. aeruginosa isolates as reported by Freeman et al [21]. In this investigation, according to Osman et al [48], isolates that produced black/rough colonies were verified as strong biofilmforming, while isolates producing red/smooth colonies were described as non-biofilm formers. The smooth black and dry red colonies were respected as indefinite findings.…”

Identification of hemolysin encoding genes and their association with antimicrobial resistance pattern among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci

“…Our results showed that the frequency of hemolytic agent genes of hla, hlb, hld were higher in cefoxitin resistant isolates compared to susceptible ones. [41][42][43].…”