Identification of hemolysin encoding genes and their association with antimicrobial resistance pattern among clinical isolates of coagulase-negative Staphylococci

Abstract

Objective: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are as considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins genes and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results:The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes was: 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus isolates; the hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin antibiotics, the hlb with clindamycin resistance and the hla/yidD with rifampicin and novobiocin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi from natural disease outbreaks of marine/estuarine fishes

“…The data was then analysed for statistical associations between AMR profiles against different antibiotics and host bacterial species using Fisher's exact test. Subsequently, associations between AMR profiles (not having significant association with species) was calculated using Chi-square tests at the genus level and statistically significant associations were shown as Cramer's value to represent the strength of association (Nasaj et al, 2020). Interpretation of Cramer's value was done in which associations were categorized as no (≥ 0), weak (0 to <0.1), low (≥ 0.1 to <0.3), moderate (≥ 0.3 to <0.5) and strong (≥ 0.5) (Crewson, 2006).…”

Bacterial Contamination in Health Care Centers: Differences between Urban and Rural Settings

“…Ticarcillin is used combined with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, to eradicate some penicillin-resistant organisms [97]. Despite the fact that no MRSA were isolated in the analyzed samples, it is importance to notice that coagulasenegative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens with the ability to produce several toxins, enzymes and enclose resistance genes, which can be further transferred to more virulent strains such as S. aureus [98]. It is relevant to acknowledge that, MRSA has acquired, via horizontal genetic transfer, the SCCmec, which is responsible for the resistance to β-lactam antibiotics [24,25].…”

Prevalence, molecular characterization and anti-microbial resistance pattern of Staphylococcus species isolates from buck semen

“…Among the Staphylococcus spp. isolates, both coagulase and non-coagulase producing bacteria are of equal importance with the growing pathogenic nature of the later (Zong et al 2011).The CoNS are opportunistic in nature with all the pathogenic elements (Nasaj et al 2020) and moreover the MRCoNS isolates are equally important in creating AMR hazard due to the harbouring of SCCmec elements in clinical isolates.…”