Antimicrobial properties of the pyrithione salts VII. In vitro methods for comparing pyrithiones to standard antimicrobials

Acute toxicity of Zinc pyrithione to human skin cells in vitro

“…and with out the mitotic arrest seen in human fibroblast and NCTC 2544 cultures treated wilh g1iseofulvin ( 16). The toxicity occurred at concentration, belo" those inhibiLing microorganisms (24). and our fail ure to rcproducc it with two other Linc compounds indicated that the pyrithione moiety wm, respon sible.…”

“…lnstead the data show that zinc pyrithione could act by reducing the number or mas<; of scalp epidermal celh by a non-specitic toxicity. perhap, relatcd to the compound's high activicy against bac , teria and fungal cells (24). but this would only occur if it pcnetrated through the stratum corneum.…”

Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Alopecia: A Comprehensive Review

“…Low zinc levels have been identified in patients with AA, AGA, and TE [96]. Proposed mechanisms for zinc-associated hair regrowth include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-5α-reductase activity [97][98][99][100]. Zinc has been studied as both a topical and oral supplement.…”

Sodium pyrithione [MAK Value Documentation, 1998]

“…Production: reaction of 2-bromopyridine with peracetic acid to yield 2-bromopyridine oxide which is reacted with thiourea and then converted to the sodium salt (Shaw et al 1950 Sodium pyrithione is used as a broad spectrum biocide especially against fungi and gram positive and gram negative bacteria in metal-working fluids (boring and cutting oils, up to 0.5 % in the concentrate) (Olin Corporation 1989f;Tenenbaum and Opdyke 1969), in the rubber industry (Wallhäusser 1984) and paint industry (dispersion paints, 0.05 %-0.2 %) (Clayton and Clayton 1981), and in cosmetics which are rinsed off, such as shampoos and wash lotions for the skin, in concentrations of 0.5 % (Lüpke and Preusser 1978).…”