Antimicrobial Efficacy of Nanopropolis Coated Vs Silver-Curcumin Nanoparticles Coated Gutta-Percha Points on Various Microbial Species. A Comparative In Vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: Nanopropolis, nanosilver and curcumin have a wide antimicrobial action range. They are to be tested as a gutta-percha coating. Objectives: Comparing the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-curcumin nanoparticles versus nanopropolis coated gutta-percha against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and assessing the continuity of both coatings. Materials and Methods: Suspensions of both materials were loaded on filter discs, placed on the surface of agar plates inoculated with tested microbes and incubated for 24 hours. Guttapercha cones were inserted in Eppendorf tubes containing the tested materials for 24 hours, placed on the surface of agar plates inoculated with the tested microbes and incubated for 24 hours. The antimicrobial activity of the discs was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone whereas it was measured by positive response and its degree around gutta-percha. Coated gutta-percha cones were scanned under scanning electron microscope to assess the continuity of the coating. Results: Mean and Standard Deviation of the inhibition zone diameter for Silver-curcumin nanoparticles around discs were 12.35±0.71mm for E.faecalis, 20.6±0.39mm for S.aureus, 14.6±0.61mm for E.coli and 18.2±0.67mm for C.albicans. For nanopropolis they were 8.95±0.69mm for E.faecalis, 15.4±0.7mm for S.aureus, 9.75±0.86mm for E.coli and 14.8±0.63mm for Candida. The inhibition zones around gutta-percha were more pronounced for Silver-curcumin nanoparticles. Statistically significant difference was found between the inhibitory effect of silvercurcumin nanoparticles and nanopropolis against all tested microorganisms P<0.001. Nanopropolis coating was more uniform and closely adherent to the gutta-percha. Conclusion: Silver-curcumin nanoparticles have a greater antimicrobial effect compared to nanopropolis.

Curcumin: Modern Applications for a Versatile Additive

“…In addition to reducing the degradation of curcumin by approximately 95%, a synergistic effect of curcumin with the biosurfactant was observed against P. aeruginosa strains. Several metal complexes (Ag, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mo) [77][78][79][80][81][82][83] of curcumin were tested for the evaluation of anti-quorum and biofilm formation. Among them, copper and molybdenum complexes showed antiviral and antimicrobial activity for a series of multidrug-resistant strains, P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia), through a mechanism of action on the dynamics, permeabilization, and depolarization of the bacterial cell membrane.…”

“…Studies have continued to design different types Recently, research on the treatment and prevention of dental diseases has made significant progress, especially in treatments involving photodynamic therapy [105]. In this regard, there are many studies with significant results in which curcumin is delivered as microemulsions [106,108,109] or encapsulated as nanoparticles of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) [111], graphene oxide [30], or silver [80]. Composites are used as sensitizers in photodynamic therapy (Figure 4) with antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on several types of bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans)) commonly found in periodontitis, tooth decay in children, or endodontic treatments [69,71,84,85,[112][113][114].…”

Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics

“…The treated points inhibited the growth of E. faecalis in a dose-related manner. An alternative approach used polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone as adhesives to bind silver/curcumin NPs to gutta-percha [ 103 ]. This gave antibacterial activity against E. faecalis , E. coli , and S. aureus .…”