Antimicrobial Brazilian Propolis (EPP-AF) Containing Biocellulose Membranes as Promising Biomaterial for Skin Wound Healing

Abstract

Among remarkable discoveries concerning propolis, such as antifungal, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, its anti-inflammatory, and mainly its antibacterial, properties deserve special attention when skin wound healing is concerned. Based on this and knowing the distinctive performance of bacterial (BC) membranes on wound healing, in this work it is proposed to demonstrate the potent antimicrobial activity and wound healing properties of a novel propolis containing biocellulose membrane. The obtained propolis/BC membrane was able to adsorb propolis not only on the surface, but also in its interstices demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravidimetric assays. Additionally, the polyphenolic compounds determination and the prominent antibacterial activity in the membrane are demonstrated to be dose dependent, supporting the possibility of obtaining propolis/BC membranes at the desired concentrations, taking into consideration its application and its skin residence time. Finally, it could be suggested that propolis/BC membrane may favor tissue repair in less time and more effectively in contaminated wounds.

FTIR analysis and quantification of phenols and flavonoids of five commercially available plants extracts used in wound healing

“…Bands approximately in the same range of wavelength in different propolis samples were also identified, e.g. a band at 3487 cm -1 , related to stretching (ν) vibration of hydroxyl groups [21] and a band at 3433 cm -1 , related to OH wagging (OH of phenolic compounds) [22]. Bands at 2924 cm -1 and at 2883 cm -1 could be attributed to ethanol [19].…”

“…A band was found at 1640 cm -1 . This band could be due to stretching vibration of C=C groups [21], due to aromatic ring deformations [23], due to flavonoids and amino acids: stretching vibration of C=O and of C=C, asymmetric bending vibration of N-H [24], due to C=O stretching vibration of caffeic acid and its derivatives [22] and due to stretching vibration of C=O of lipids and flavonoids [20]. The band at 1457 cm -1 could be related to CH 3 , CH 2 , flavonoids and aromatic rings, where the vibrations would be the bending (δ) vibration of C-H and the stretching vibration of aromatics [24] [25].…”

“…Besides the bands previously described, there were other bands encountered. A band at 1701 cm-1, probably related to: stretching vibration of car-boxyl groups [21], stretching of C = O of flavonoids and lipids [23] [24]. A band at 1513 cm -1 , related to aromatic ring deformations [23] and to flavonoids and aromatic rings (stretching of aromatic C=C).…”

“…The band a 2903 cm -1 would be due to ethanol [19] and the band at 2117 cm -1 was not identified. The band at 1645 cm -1 could be related to C=C stretching vibration of aromatic rings [29] [23] [21] and to the vibration of N-H of amines, C=O of amides and carboxylic groups [26], in addition, based on propolis analysis, this band could be related to flavonoids and amino acids, ν(C=O), ν(C=C), δas(N-H) [24]. There was a non-identified band at 1479 cm -1 and there was a band at 1452 cm -1 , probably due to the presence of aromatic -C=C-bond [29] and / or to N-H bending vibration [26].…”

Bacterial Cellulose/Collagen Hydrogel for Wound Healing

“…Some extrinsic factors are surgical technique, topical antiseptics and dressings 38 . Regarding wound dressings, several types have been developed based on plant herbs 39,40 , hydrocolloid, alginate and collagen 41 and can be applied as ointment, film 42 , foam and gel 43 for various purposes of treatment 44 . This manuscript reports on the development of a wound dressing for tissue repair based on bacterial cellulose and type I collagen.…”