Antimicrobial agents from selected medicinal plants in Libya

Abstract

The present results revealed that, crude methanolic extracts of the investigated Libyan folk medicinal plants exhibited mild to high in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.

Efficacy and Mechanism of Traditional Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds against Clinically Important Pathogens

“…Numerous studies have considered the antimicrobial screening of traditional plant extracts. The studies of medicinal plants from diverse topographical areas include: Armenia [65], Iran [66], Mexico [67], Saudi Arabia [68], Libya [26], Ethiopia [64], India [63], Poland [69], Cameroon [70], Nigeria [71], and other Middle Eastern countries [72]. Based on the available information, the traditional plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity against a huge number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, algae, protozoan, and Trypanosoma [26,63,64,66].…”

“…Interestingly, apigenin (8), kaempferol (23), quercetin (1), and naringenin (3) are effective antagonists of cell-cell signaling [126,127] that have been revealed to inhibit enteroaggregative biofilm formation in E. coli and P. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent manner [128,129]. Moreover, chrysin (24), phloretin (25), naringenin (3), kaempferol (23), epicatechin gallate (26), proanthocyanidins (27), and EGCG (20) (Figure 2) inhibited N-acyl homoserine lactones-mediated QS [130][131][132]. Hydrophilic flavonoids such as 6-aminoflavone (28), 6-hydroxyflavone (29), apigenin (8), chrysin (24), daidzein (30), genistein (31), auronol (32), and phloretin (25) (Figure 2) have inhibitory effects on E. coli biofilm formation [133,134].…”

“…Catechins form hydrogen bonds, which attract polar head groups of lipids at the membrane edge. Epicatechin (35) and epigallocatechin gallate (26) alter phospholipids, which can alter structural changes in the cell membrane. Moreover, these catechins promote the inactivation or inhibition of intracellular and extracellular enzyme synthesis [137].…”

“…It is noteworthy that catechins and other flavonoids can cause bacterial cell wall destruction, resulting in an inability to discharge toxins [160,161]. Catechins (34), pinocembrin, kaempferol, EGCG (20), gallocatechin gallate (26), kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (62), genistein (31), quercetin glycoside (63), and proanthocyanidins (27) (Figure 2) are suggested to neutralize bacterial toxic factors initiating from V. cholerae, E. coli, S. aureus, V. vulnificus, B. anthracis, N. gonorrhoeae, and C. botulinum [162][163][164][165]. Bacterial hyaluronidases are enzymes formed by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and directly interact with host tissues, causing the permeability of connective tissues and reducing the viscosity of body fluids due to hyaluronidase-mediated degradation [166].…”

Hepatoprotective Activity of Some Medicinal Plants: A Review

“…75,76 Rhus oxyacantha is not growing only in Tunisia but also it's very abundant in north Africa, especially in the steppes of desert, arid and semi-arid areas. 77,78 It also exists in Sicily and Western Asia steppes and is used in folkloric and traditional medicine of many countries situated in the cited areas. 77,79,80 In Arabian traditional medicine, different parts of Rhus oxyacantha plant, have been used for centuries to treat inflammatory conditions as well as gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders.…”