Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa), also known as roselle or red tea, is a member of the Malvaceae family, rich in anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds, which has been associated with a number of health benefits such as lowering of blood pressure and plasma cholesterol (1). The intake of H. sabdariffa has also been linked to prevention of diabetes, however, there is limited evidence on effects of H. sabdariffa on postprandial glycaemia and/or chronic markers of glycaemic control. A number of polyphenols have demonstrated potential in reducing blood glucose levels in an acute manner through modulation of postprandial glycaemic response when consumed with a carbohydrate source such as high starch foods, glucose and/or sucrose (2). The aim of our project was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory properties of H. sabdariffa on α-glucosidase enzyme activity and to confirm the findings in an in vivo glycaemic response study. Following incubation with different concentrations (0, 2.5-25 mg/ml) of aquaous extracts of H. sabdariffa, the activity of α-glucosidase was determined via spectrophotometer using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate following a standard protocol. Acarbose was used as positive control and data are expressed as per cent inhibition. For the in vivo study, eight healthy volunteers (3 male and 5 females) were recruited, aged 19-23 years, who were asked to consume 400 ml of either hot water or hibiscus tea alongside a portion of white bread to provide 50 g available carbohydrates. The capillary blood was collected via finger prick in regular intervals following tea and bread consumption (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 min). Blood glucose levels were determined using glucometer. Two-tailed paired t-test was used to analyse the data. The results from in vitro experiments demonstrate that H. sabdariffa preparations dose-dependently inhibited α-glucosidase activity with an IC 50 of 10 mg/ml extract (equivalent to 55.7 mg/ml anthocyanins). Overall, the in in vivo data (Fig. 1) do not show any differences following the intake of hibiscus tea in comparison to control (hot water) alongside white bread over the course of the 150 min experiment. The lack of effect on glucose response may be related to insufficient local concentrations of hibiscus but awaits further confirmation in a larger sample size. Our data indicate, that, although, in vitro experiments indicate the potential of H. sabdariffa to reduce carbohydrate digestion, under in vivo conditions, the acute consumption of H. sabdariffa might not relevant to reduce postprandial glucose response.
Liver is an essential organ. Its plays a main function in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics from the body. Moreover it is also coping with the metabolism and excretion of medicine and other xenobiotics from the frame there with the aid of supplying safety towards foreign substances by using detoxifying agents and putting them off. The most important capabilities of the liver are carbohydrate, protein, fat metabolism and detoxification, secretion of bile and storage of vitamins. In this examine, on line databases together with web of Science, Pub Med, Scopus, and Science Direct were looked for papers. Liver illnesses are first rate problem in worldwide. Liver damage or liver disorder is a major fitness troubles those demanding situations no longer most effective health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory companies. Liver disease (Hepatic disease) is a term that impacts the cells, tissues, systems or factures of the liver. Liver cell harm resulting from various toxic chemical compounds (along with antibiotic , chemotherapeutic retailers, thioacetamide and paracetamol and so forth.), excessive alcohol intake and microbes are nicely studied. A number of natural tablets show promising hepatoprotective activities in acute and chronic liver damage. In medication the natural products play an essential role because of their protection, efficacy and price effectiveness. Medicinal plants might also function as vital source of doubtlessly useful for the development of effective therapy to fight several liver troubles. In this review we centred on the number of medicinal plants for protective effect in liver diseases.
Aim:The plan of this study was to assess the protective activity of Perillyl alcohol (POH) on the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by-products and antioxidant defense systems in the plasma and other tissues of normal and High Fat Diet-Low Dose Streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetes in wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The experimental diabetes was induced in animals by High Fat Diet-Low Dose STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.) injection, and treatment with Perillyl alcohol at the dose of (50mg/kg b.w and 100mg/kg b.w) was continued for 30 days. At the end of treatment period, oxidative stress parameters like lipid peroxidation by-products; enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non-enzymic antioxidants including reduced glutathione, Vitamin C and Vitamin E were measured in the plasma and tissues of experimental rats. Results: In untreated diabetic rats an increase was seen in the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products and significant decrease was seen in antioxidant enzymes. Oral administration of Perillyl alcohol a monocyclic monoterpene to diabetic rats for 30 days caused a significant reduction in the levels of lipid peroxidation by-products and an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, when the same were compared with the untreated diabetic group. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates that Perillyl alcohol has anti lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status potential in experimental diabetes.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotectivity effect of perillyl alcohol in high-fat diet (HFD)-low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in male albino Wistar rats by 4 weeks diet manipulation followed by a low single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg/kg body weight). Perillyl alcohol was administered orally (50 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug and given orally 6 mg/kg body weight. At the end of treatment period, levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT), and bilirubin and serum protein were measured in serum of experimental rats. Histopathological studies of liver were also done with microscope. Results: The levels of ALP, AST ALT, and bilirubin were increased significantly in HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats. Perillyl alcohol-treated diabetic rats showed marked restoration in the activity of ALP, AST, ALT, and bilirubin when compared with diabetic control rats. Perillyl alcohol and glibenclamide drug-treated rats showed reversible tissue regeneration with prominent hepatocytes. Conclusion: The present results clearly indicate that the perillyl alcohol has a potent efficacy for hepatoprotective effect in HFD- low-dose STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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