Antimicrobial Activity of 10 Different Plant Polyphenols against Bacteria Causing Food-Borne Disease

Abstract

Recently, many biochemical and epidemiologic studies have revealed that polyphenols of various foods and herbs are beneficial to human health, and some extracts of polyphenolrich plants, such as green tea and grape seed, have been applied to functional foods or supplements. The potent biological activities of green tea polyphenols in, for example, cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention, 1) have in particular been attracting scientists in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. Tea polyphenols were also shown to have antibacterial, 2-5) antiviral, 6) and antifungal activities 7) in addition to their inhibitory effects on exotoxins. 4,8) In these studies, only a few types of cultures such as from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were examined according to different protocols.2,5,9,10) And therefore differences in susceptibility against the same species were indicated. 11)These differences were partly ascribable to the limited number of trial strains used in previous studies. Furthermore, in addition to tea polyphenols, other types of polyphenols, such as hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and have the potential to be functional material. In the present study, we examined the antibacterial activities of 10 different plant polyphenols by comparing their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a total of 96 strains of four groups of food-borne pathogenic bacteria including gram-positive and gram-negative species. Taking into consideration the future application of the results in the environmental and sanitation fields, we selected polyphenols that can be obtained in large amounts from plant material. MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals Epigallocatechin (EGC, 1) and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg, 2) were isolated from commercial green tea, 12) punicalagin (3) was isolated from the peel of Punica granatum, 13) tannic acid (4) was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan), castalagin (5) was isolated from wood of Castanea crenata, 14) and prodelphinidin oligomers (6) were isolated from the bark of Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus; an aqueous acetone extract of the dried bark was separated by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography with H 2 O containing increasing proportions of MeOH and finally with H 2 O-acetone (1 : 1, v/v). Prodelphinidin oligomers were then eluted out with 80-100% MeOH and aqueous acetone. Thiol degradation of 6 with mercaptoethanol-HCl 15) showed that this prodelphinidin is composed of EGC and EGCg, and the molecular weight of the peracetate was estimated to be 2000 daltons (peak top molecular weight) by gel permeation chromatography with a TSK-gel G4000H6 column (TOSOH) using polystylene as a standard. Geraniin (7) was isolated from the leaves of E. sylvestris var. ellipticus, 16) and loquat procyanidins (8) were isolated from the seeds of Eriobotrya japonica; fresh seeds were extracted with 80% acetone-H 2 O, and the extract was separated on a Diaion HP-20 column using H 2 O containing increasing amounts of MeOH, which ...

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oil and different plant extracts of Psidium cattleianum Sabine

“…Concerning the action of the compounds found in the extracts in bacterial cells, it is known that the flavonoids act in bacterial cells through the formation of complexes between proteins and the cell wall, causing its rupture (Taguri et al, 2004). On the other hand, tannins act in the microorganisms by preventing their growth through the inhibition of the transport of nutrients and the formation of complexes between the tannins and the bacterial cell wall (McSweeney et al, 2001).…”

Punicalagin protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury

“…Punicalagin exhibits multiple biological effects, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities (Taguri et al, 2004;Aqil et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Xu et al, 2016). Moreover, it has shown anti-inflammatory properties both in vitro and in vivo (Jean-Gilles et al, 2013;Olajide et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2014).…”

Modulation of Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Weaned Piglets by Plant Polyphenols

“…It has long been known that polyphenols, such as flavonoid and epicatechin, are efficient scavengers of free radicals (Sichel et al, 1991). Plant polyphenols (PP) have also exhibited antimicrobial activity against bacteria that cause food-borne diseases (Taguri et al, 2004;Percival et al, 2006;Kim et al, 2009). Previous reports have shown that polyphenols from olive leaves exert great antimicrobial activity (Sudjana et al, 2009), tea polyphenols improve the balance of gut microflora in calves (Ishihara et al, 2001) and inhibit the proliferation of Chlamydia (Yamazaki et al, 2003), apple polyphenol extracts prevent damage to human gastric epithelial cells (Graziani et al, 2005), and polyphenols from grape seeds could prevent oxidative damage to cellular DNA in vitro (Fan and Lou, 2004).…”