Antimicrobial Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. and L.M. Perry (Myrtaceae) Fruit Extracts on Six Standard Microorganisms and Their Clinical Counterpart

Abstract

Syzygium aromaticum is used in combination with other plants as an alcoholic infusion by traditional practitioners to treat infections. It has been selected for evaluation for its antimicrobial properties to justify its use in traditional pharmacopoeia. The fruits were used as plant material while the microbial germs consisted of six reference strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Candida albicans ATCC 35659 and their clinical counterparts. The extracts were obtained by aqueous decoction, hydroethanolic and ethanolic macerations. The phytochemical screening was performed by chemical staining tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the well diffusion method and the MIC and MBC or MFC were determined using the 96-well microplate dilution method. The results showed that 66.67% of the strains tested were sensitive to the aqueous extract with inhibition diameters ranging from 15 to 21 mm and MIC and MCB or MFC between 0.0976-0.3906 mg/mL and 0.1953-07812 mg/mL respectively, thus determining bacteriostatic activity. 100% of the germs tested were sensitive to hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts. The inhibition diameters range from 12-28 mm for hydroethanolic extract with MIC and MBC or MFC ranging from 0.0488-0.3906 mm and 0.0488-0.7812 mm respectively. The ethanolic extract gave inhibition diameters of 12-26 mm; MIC and MBC or MFC ranging from 0.

A Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition of the Extracts from Leaves, Stem Bark, and Root Bark of Cassia sieberiana: Antibacterial Activities

“…The density of the inoculum was adjusted to 0.5 Mac Farland using a densitometer. The antimicrobial activity was performed by the agar diffusion method 10,11 . Petri dishes containing Mueller-Hinton agar were inoculated with the inoculum in tight streaks by the swab technique.…”

“…The determination of the MIC and the MBC was performed through the liquid macro-dilution method using hemolysis tubes 11,13 . From a large solution of 100 mg/mL extract, half (100-1.56 mg/ mL) was diluted successively with Mueller-Hinton broth.…”

“…The lowest dilution that did not show colonies on seeded plates was considered MBC or MFC depending on whether it is bacteria or yeast. MBC or FC is the concentration of the substance which, after incubation at the optimum temperature and duration, yields 0.01% viable bacteria or yeasts 11,14 .…”

In vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity of Securidaca longepedunculata and Annona senegalensis hydro-alcoholic extract

“…The S. longepedunculata and A. senegalensis extracts solutions were prepared at a concentration of 250 mg/mL in distilled water and then sterilized on millipore membrane of 0.45 μm porosity and 47 mm in diameter 21 .…”

“…It is a presumptive test that has made it possible to identify the active extracts starting from a high concentration. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the agar well diffusion method with some changes 21 . The high concentration of extract in this study is 250 mg/mL.…”