Antihyperglycemic Effect of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth Leaves Extract and Its Bioassay-Guided Fractions

Abstract

Preliminary investigations were carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of the leaves of O. stamineus extracted serially with solvents of increasing polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water); bioassay-guided purification of plant extracts using the subcutaneous glucose tolerance test (SbGTT) was also carried out. Only the chloroform extract, given at 1 g/kg body weight (b.w.), significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the blood glucose level of rats loaded subcutaneously with 150 mg/kg (b.w.) glucose. The active chloroform extract of O. stamineus was separated into five fractions using a dry flash column chromatography method. Out of the five fractions tested, only chloroform fraction 2 (Cƒ2), at the dose of 1 g/kg (b.w.) significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) blood glucose levels in SbGTT. Active Cƒ2 was split into two sub-fractions Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B, using a dry flash column chromatography method. The activities Cƒ2-A and Cƒ2-B were investigated using SbGTT, and the active sub-fraction was then further studied for anti-diabetic effects in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The results clearly indicate that Cƒ2-B fraction exhibited a blood glucose lowering effect in fasted treated normal rats after glucose-loading of 150 mg/kg (b.w.). In the acute streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, Cƒ2-B did not exhibit a hypoglycemic effect on blood glucose levels up to 7 hours after treatment. Thus, it appears that Cƒ2-B functions similarly to metformin, which has no hypoglycemic effect but demonstrates an antihyperglycemic effect only in normogycemic models. The effect of Cƒ2-B may have no direct stimulatory effects on insulin secretion or on blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Verification of the active compound(s) within the active fraction (Cƒ2-B) indicated the presence of terpenoids and, flavonoids, including sinensitin.

Complementary alternative medicine use among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the primary care setting: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia

“…It has had ethnic diversity and this influences CAM use as well. Uses of herbs [41] like bitter gourd [42-44], Misai Kucing ( Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth ) [45,46], garlic ( Allium Sativum ) [47,48], and ginseng ( Panax Ginseng ) [49] are believed to reduce blood sugar levels. Bitter gourd [50], also known as Momordica Charantia is a tropical vine that is widely believed to bring down blood sugar levels, despite a lack of robust evidence [43,44,50-52].…”

Purification, characterization and anti-diabetic activity of a polysaccharide from mulberry leaf

“…In an effort to reduce side effects, there has been growing interest in herbal remedies (Grover et al, 2002;Li et al, 2004). The biologically active components of herbal remedies with hypoglycemic activity included polysaccharides (Chen et al, 2011b), alkaloids (Okonta and Aguwa, 2007), sterols (Fred-Jaiyesimi et al, 2009), saponins (Han et al, 2008), terpenoids (Mohamed et al, 2011), and flavonoids (Ahmad et al, 2000).…”

Prophylactic effects of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. extracts on experimental induction of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats

“…The main polyphenolic compounds, such as sinensetin, eupatorin, 3 0 -hydroxy-5,6,7,4 0 -tetramethoxyflavone, rosmarinic acid, cichoric acid and caffeic acid, had been isolated and identified from this species (Olah et al, 2003;Akowuah et al, 2005). Increasingly considerable attention has been given to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antihyperglycemic, hypouricemic, hepatoprotective and anti-fungal properties (Sriplang et al, 2007;Yam et al, 2007;Yam et al, 2009;Yam et al, 2010;Mohamed et al, 2011a;Pan et al, 2011). OS extracts also exhibited diuretic activity via increase of urine volume and electrolytes (Na þ and K þ ) excretion in hyperuricemic rats (Arafat et al, 2008;Adam et al, 2009).…”