Antihelminthic action of the Anethum graveolens essential oil on Haemonchus contortus eggs and larvae

Abstract

Gastrointestinal nematodes are responsible for great economic losses in sheep raising, and their control has long been carried out almost exclusively by the administration of anthelmintics, which have led to serious resistance problems. In the search for alternative control measures, phytotherapic research is highlighted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Anethum graveolens (dill) essential oil on different stages of Haemonchus contortus life cycle, as well its cytotoxicity MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells. H. contortus larvae and eggs were obtained from infected sheep feces, and essential oil extracted from plant seeds through the Clevenger apparatus. 9.4, 4.7, 2.35, 1.17. 0.58 and 0.29 mg/mL concentrations were evaluated. The Egg Hatch Inhibition (HI), Larval Development Inhibition (LDI) and Larval Migration Inhibition (LMI) techniques were used. Thybendazole 0.025 mg/mL in HI and Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL in the LDI and LMI tests were used as positive controls, while distilled water and a Tween 80 solution were used as positive negative controls. The inhibition results obtained for the highest oil concentration were: HI 100%, LDI 98.58% and LMI 63.7%, differing ( <0.05) from negative controls. Main A. graveolens oil components present in 95.93% of the total oil were Dihydrocarvone (39.1%), Carvone (22.24%), D-Limonene (16.84%), Apiol (10.49%) and Trans-dihydrocarvone (7.26%). Minimum A. graveolens essential oil concentrations required to inhibit 50% (IC50) of egg hatching, larval development and larval migration were 0.006 mg/mL, 2.536 mg/mL and 3.963 mg/mL, respectively. Cell viability in MDBK (Madin-Darby bovine kidney) cells, when incubated with A. graveolens essential oil, was 86% for the highest (9.4 mg/mL) and 99% for the lowest concentration (0.29 mg/mL). A. graveolens essential oil, according to the results obtained in this study, is a promising alternative in sheep gastrointestinal nematode control. ResumoOs nematoides gastrintestinais são responsáveis por grandes perdas econômicas na ovinocultura, e seu controle tem sido realizado quase exclusivamente pela administração de anti-helmínticos, que levaram a sérios problemas de resistência. Na busca de medidas alternativas de controle, destaca-se a pesquisa fitoterápica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do óleo essencial de Anethum graveolens (endro) em diferentes estágios de Haemonchus contortus, bem como testar a viabilidade celular para o óleo. Larvas e ovos de H. contortus foram obtidos de fezes de ovinos infectados e óleo essencial extraído de sementes de plantas através do aparelho de Clevenger. As concentrações avaliadas foram 9,4, 4,7, 2,35, 1,17, 0,58 e 0,29 mg/mL. Verificou-se a Inibição de eclosão dos ovos (IE), Inibição de Desenvolvimento Larval (IDL) e Inibição de Migração Larval (IML). Tiabendazol 0,025 mg/mL em IE e Levamisole 0.02 mg/mL nos testes IDL e IML foram usados como controles positivos, enquanto água destilada e uma solução Tween 80 foram usados como controles negativos. Os resultados de inibição o...

In vitro efficacy of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Meliaceae) oil on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis Schrank (1781)

“…Barros et al (2012) also obtained 100% lice mortality when using lower concentrations of the oil. Essential oils are composed of a complex combination of volatile substances extracted from plants that may contain compounds with diverse chemical structures (CASTRO et al, 2020). The chemical content and composition can be influenced by factors such as age, stage of plant development, environmental and climatic conditions (OLIVEIRA et al, 2012), and part of the plant from which it was extracted, such as seeds, leaves, and flowers (CHAHAL et al, 2017).…”

Essential Oils as Novel Anthelmintic Drug Candidates

“…Monoterpenoid dihydrocarvone is a key building block for synthesizing sesquiterpenes. In Anethum graveolens EO, dihydrocarvone (39.1%), along with carvone (22.24%) and D-limonene (16.84%), was effective against H. contortus at IC 50 = 6 µg/mL, ascertained through egg hatch and larval development assays [ 144 ].…”

Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Different Samples of Five Commercially Available Essential Oils

“…Generally, EOs have high contents (20-70%) of two or three major phytoconstituents; other compounds are quantified in trace concentrations [3]. The pharmacological potential of EOs has been extensively explored: ranging from antioxidant [4,5], anti-inflammatory [6,7], immunomodulatory [8,9], antinociceptive [10,11], antiulcer [12,13], anticancer [14,15], insecticidal [16,17], larvicidal [18,19], anthelmintic [20,21], antiviral [22,23], antibacterial and antibiofilm [24][25][26][27][28] properties.…”