Esse estudo objetivou discutir a mediação pedagógica e as novas tecnologias, os avanços e as estruturas utilizadas nas práticas de ensino. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura científica sobre diferentes aspectos, funções e propriedades desempenhados pelas novas tecnologias e mediação pedagógica. A discussão perpassa pela complexidade das relações na sociedade atual e as mudanças que ocorrem na educação devido à existência das tecnologias. A escola é vista como um centro de alfabetização tecnológica, que introduz os educandos em uma realidade digitalizada. Os estudiosos citados defendem a ideia de que existem “nativos digitais” e “imigrantes digitais”, os primeiros sendo jovens que nasceram e cresceram com as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs), e os segundos, pessoas que migraram para o mundo digital. Embora muitos estudantes estejam inseridos em um contexto digital, nem todos têm acesso às tecnologias devido às suas condições financeiras. Assim, a escola precisa buscar formas de incluir e promover o acesso dos menos favorecidos ao mundo digital, reinventando seus métodos e utilizando e implementando as TICs como prática pedagógica. A tecnologia deve ser vista como uma ferramenta integrada na mudança estrutural da ação educativa, permitindo que educadores e educandos aprendam de uma maneira mais significativa e contextual cada assunto que estudam. Por fim, o texto destaca a importância da ressignificação e atualização do papel do professor nesse contexto pós-moderno.

This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic effect of carvone nanoemulsions on Haemonchus contortus. Three R-carvone nanoemulsions were prepared: uncoated R-carvone nanoemulsions homogenized in a sonicator (UNAlg-son) and homogenized in an ultrahomogenizer (UNAlg-ultra) and sodium alginate-coated R-carvone (CNAlg-ultra). The physicochemical characterizations of the nanoemulsions were carried out. The anthelmintic activity was evaluated using egg hatch test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and adult worm motility test (AWMT). Changes in cuticle induced in adult H. contortus were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were subjected to analysis of variance and compared using the Tukey test (P < 0.05). The effective concentration to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching and larval development was calculated. The particle sizes were 281.1 nm (UNAlg-son), 152.7 nm (UNAlg-ultra) and 557.8 nm (CNAlg-ultra), and the zeta potentials were −15 mV (UNAlg-son), −10.8 mV (UNAlg-ultra) and −24.2 mV (CNAlg-ultra). The encapsulation efficiency was 99.84 ± 0.01%. SEM of the nanoemulsions showed an increase in size. In EHT, the EC50 values of UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra were 0.19, 0.02 and 0.17 mg mL−1, respectively. In LDT, they were 0.29, 0.31 and 0.95 mg mL−1 for UNAlg-son, UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, respectively. The adult motility inhibition was 100% after 12 h of exposure to UNAlg-ultra and CNAlg-ultra, while for UNAlg-son, it was 79.16%. SEM showed changes in the buccal capsule and cuticular damage. It was concluded that R-carvone nanoemulsions showed antiparasitic action demonstrating promise for the control of infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.

The Brazil Northeast region has the higher goat national herd with the endoparasitosisas one of the main factors interfering in these productive chain. Aiming to compare diagnostic techniques to quantify goats endoparasites eggs and oocysts. Eggs and oocysts recovered from feces were identified from 45 goats, Capra aegagrus hircus, by counting eggs per gram of feces (EPG) McMaster (conversion factors 100x and 25x) and Mini-FLOTAC (conversion factors 5x and 10x). The statistical analysis were performed in the SPSS program version 21.0 and the statistical differences and accordance between the techniques, by Friedman (p<0.05) and kappa (p-value), respectively. Eggs from Strongylida, Strongyloidessp., Trichurissp. and Eimeriasp were identified. The coproparasitological methods applied were efficient in quantifying and identifying recovered eggs and oocysts. Although the similarity and accordance among techniques regarding the Eimeriasp. oocysts, the McMaster 25x; Mini-FLOTAC 5x and Mini-FLOTAC 10x were the methods that better recovered such oocysts. The Strongylida eggs were equally recovered by all the techniques. The Strongyloidessp. eggs were better recovered by the McMaster 25x; McMaster 100x and Mini-FLOTAC 5x techniques; and the Trichurissp. by McMaster 100x. Considering that both techniques used in this work were capable on recovering every eggs and oocysts, both can be adopted for coproparasitological diagnostic in goats.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, permitindo-se uso para fins comerciais.

Productivity in small ruminants can be compromised due to lice infestations. This pest infestation is controlled by the administration of insecticides, and their excessive use causes resistance. New control alternatives are being investiga-ted, especially the use of phytotherapeutics. Research using the oil from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) has shown insecticidal action on feline and goat lice specimens. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of C. guianensis seed oil, in vitro, on Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis.Nine hundred specimens of D. (Bovicola) ovis were randomly assigned into groups and were subjected to different treatments: (G1) 1,000 to 15.6 mg/mL of C. guianensis oil; (G2) 3% Tween 80 (negative control); and (G3) amitraz 1.25 g/mL (positive control). Data presentation was expressed as mean efficacy ± standard deviation using the statistical program SPSS version 23.0 and statistical differences of the experimental groups were obtained by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman. Probit Regression was performed to obtain CI50 and CI90, with a significance level of p < 0.05. The oil with a concentration of 1,000 mg/mL had an efficacy of 94% after 24 hours of exposure, differing statistically from the positive and negative control (p < 0.05). The IC50 and IC90 values were 439.21 mg/mL and 807.09 mg/mL, respectively. The action of the oil on the specimens was independent whether it was an adult female, male, or nymph. It is concluded that C. guianensis oil showed in vitro insecticidal effect against D. (Bovicola) ovis.

Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0).O conteúdo desta obra e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, permitindo-se uso para fins comerciais.

Eugenol is a compound with well‐known bioactivity; however, its volatility limits its therapeutic applicability. In the present study, carboxymethylated xanthan gum (CXG) is synthesized and characterized regarding its degree of substitution (DS) by potentiometric titration and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Oil‐in‐water xanthan gum‐based nanoemulsions enriched with eugenol have been prepared in variable conditions, using XG (xanthan gum) and CXG as matrices to produce a stable formulation with an effective ovicidal activity. Physical–chemical characterizations are performed, besides ovicidal activity on Haemonchus contortus, the main gastrointestinal nematode infecting and affecting small ruminants. FTIR results indicate the insertion of the carboxymethyl groups in the structure of xanthan gum through the peaks at 1100 and 1600 cm−1, and titration shows a DS of 1.25 for CXG. XG and CXG emulsions present stability over 30 days and encapsulation efficiency higher than 50%. The CXG2 emulsion (CXG:oil:tween 4:2:1) shows better stability concerning the lower zeta potential value, and the morphology shows domains with smaller sizes in the range of 1.41 µm. The evaluated nanoemulsions show ovicidal activity against H. contortus, which encourages their future use as an alternative to control haemonchosis in sheep and goats.