Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from Three Artemisia Species against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of Mango

Abstract

Post-harvest diseases of mango reduce fruit quality and cause severe yield losses with completely unmarketable fruits. The most common diseases of mangos are anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides). In this study, the antibacterial activities of essential oils from Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, and Artemisia annua against C. gloeosporioides were tested. The results showed that the essential oil of A. scoparia was more effective by the agar diffusion method; the EC50 value was 9.32 µL/mL. The inhibition rate was 100%, at a concentration of 10 μL/mL, through the spore germination method. The morphological changes of the mycelium were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the mycelia treated with essential oils showed shrinking, deformity, fracture, and dryness through SEM. A. scoparia essential oil was inoculated in vivo and subjected to paroxysm testing under natural conditions. A. scoparia had significantly inhibitory activity, and the inhibition rate was 66.23% in vivo inoculation tests after 10 days. The inhibition rate was 92.06% in the paroxysm test under natural conditions after 15 days. Finally, A. acoparia essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds were 2-ethenyl-Naphthalene (23.5%), 2,4-pentadiynyl-Benzene (11.8%), 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-Benzene (10.0%), β-Pinene (8.0%), and 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-Cyclohexadiene (6.3%). The results have revealed the potential use of A. scoparia essential oil against post-harvest fungal pathogens C. gloeosporioides.

Encapsulation of wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, phenolic extract in baker's yeast for the postharvest control of anthracnose in papaya

“…At 1 mg L −1 , WLYM had significantly higher activity ( P < 0.0001) than thymol and carvacrol, the major components of WOPE, which are also known as potent antimicrobials 44 . The antifungal activity may be due to the capability of phenolic compounds to diffuse through the microbial membrane and penetrate into the cell, where they can interfere in the metabolic pathways, resulting in aberrant morphogenesis of the fungal structures 45,46 . Most importantly, at all concentrations tested, WLYMs had significantly higher activity ( P < 0.0001) than non‐encapsulated WOPE.…”

“…44 The antifungal activity may be due to the capability of phenolic compounds to diffuse through the microbial membrane and penetrate into the cell, where they can interfere in the metabolic pathways, resulting in aberrant morphogenesis of the fungal structures. 45,46 Most importantly, at all concentrations tested, WLYMs had significantly higher activity (P < 0.0001) than non-encapsulated WOPE. It is worth noting that WLYMs contain a smaller equivalent amount of the WOPE, corresponding to only 44.0% of WLYM mass.…”

Impact of Storage Condition on Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Pomelo Extract against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Anthracnose in Post-harvest Mango

“…In addition, Huang et al [ 28 ] found that the essential oil of Artemisia scoparia inhibited C. gloeosporioides growth in vitro with an EC 50 of 9.32 mL L −1 . In the in vivo experiments, mango fruit was placed in a container containing 5.3–12.8 μL L −1 A. scoparia oil, which suppressed anthracnose development by 66.23% and 92.06% in the inoculation and the paroxysm tests, respectively.…”

​Antifungal Activity of Essential oil Extracted from Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome against Fungal Phytopathogens

“…Data obtained were expressed as mean ± standard deviation of three replicates. Using the IBM SPSS 20 software, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the effect of the different concentrations and the methods used on the mycelial growth of the fungal pathogens (Huang et al, 2021). Significant differences between the means were calculated using Tukey HSD post-hoc test at p0.05.…”