Impact of Storage Condition on Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Pomelo Extract against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Anthracnose in Post-harvest Mango

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum leads to a tremendous post-harvest mango loss. While chemical fungicides are applied to control anthracnose, natural alternatives are preferred due to food safety and environmental concerns. Pomelo extract (PE) exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities; however, its effect against anthracnose is unknown. Here we investigated the chemical profile of PE using GC-MS and the anti-anthracnose activity of PE using in vitro and in vivo assays. We also evaluated the impact of storage temperature (0°, 5°, 10°, 20°, −20°, and −80 °C) and light conditions on the composition and antifungal activity of PE. We found that PE inhibited C. gloeosporioides in vitro with an IC50 of 3.2 mL L−1. Applying chitosan-based coating incorporated with 20 mL L−1 PE significantly suppressed anthracnose in post-harvest ‘Keitt’ mango. A storage temperature below 5 °C substantially preserved major compounds and the antifungal activity of PE after 6 m of storage. Finally, we showed that applying d-limonene, the key constituent of PE, inhibited C. gloeosporioides in vitro (IC50: 10.9 mM) and suppressed anthracnose in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the application of PE and d-limonene are sustainable methods for anthracnose control in post-harvest crops and established the preservation protocol for PE.

Mango anthracnose disease: the current situation and direction for future research

“…MAD can cause a 100% loss of yield in orchards that are not well taken care of and where the environment is good for the disease to spread. The disease occurs in almost all regions that produce the crop, and its high economic losses have prompted a wealth of research focusing on postharvest losses ( Cheng et al, 2022 ; Silué et al, 2022 ), damage ( Wu et al, 2022 ), characterization ( Ismail and El-Ganainy, 2022 ), diagnosis and classification ( Alberto et al, 2022 ; Patil et al, 2022 ; Prabu and Chelliah, 2022 ), genomics ( Ciofini et al, 2022 ; Kumari et al, 2022 ), control ( Evangelista-Martínez et al, 2022 ; Liang et al, 2022 ) and resistance management ( Janamatti et al, 2022 ).…”

Molecular Characterization of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Glomerella cingulata) Causing Mango Anthracnose Disease

“…Plant samples that contain Collectrotrichum spp. may be effectively detected using speciesspecific molecular primers [13][14][15]. The PCR approach offers a quick, easy, and dependable substitute for traditional techniques for identifying common fungal isolates.…”

Isolation and In vitro Compatibility of Fungal Antagonists of Mango Anthracnose with Fungicides

“…It leads to substantial harm to infected mango trees, resulting in reduced fruit yield and quality. In conditions favorable for the disease's spread, such as poorly maintained orchards, it can lead to 100% loss of crop yield [2][3][4]. Disease control always remains a challenge for the farmers to get optimum production especially due to pesticide resistance [5].…”