BACKGROUND Quercetin is a phenolic compound occurring in many food plants and agricultural crops. It is reported to possess various health‐promoting properties. However, the poor bioavailability of quercetin, due to its low aqueous solubility and its degradation during digestion, limits its nutraceutical applications. This study aimed to encapsulate quercetin in nanoliposomes using rice‐bran phospholipids for its efficient delivery and controlled release, the protection of its structural stability, and enhancement of its bioactivity. RESULTS Nanoliposomal encapsulation of quercetin by thin film‐sonication method yielded spherical nanoparticles (157.33 ± 23.78 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (84.92 ± 0.78%). Storage stability studies showed that nanoliposomal quercetin was stable at 4 °C and 27 °C for 6 and 5 months, respectively, as indicated by unchanged antioxidant activity and quercetin retention. Nanoliposomal quercetin showed a slow, limited release pattern in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and an initial burst release followed by a slow constant releasing pattern in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). A 1004‐fold increase in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity was observed in quercetin nanoliposomes (SC50 = 4.04 ± 0.01 ppm) compared to non‐encapsulated quercetin (SC50 = 4053.03 ± 5.61 ppm). Similarly, the anti‐angiogenic activity of quercetin, as evaluated by duck embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, was enhanced twofold to fivefold by nanoliposomal encapsulation. CONCLUSION This study showed that nanoliposomal encapsulation in rice‐bran phospholipids enhanced the radical‐scavenging and anti‐angiogenic activities of quercetin. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that nanoliposomes can serve as efficient oral delivery system for quercetin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
This study was conducted to investigate the potential of using sodium silicate with nanosilica as a treatment to inhibit the progress of corrosion in steel specimens that are already corroded. Steel specimens measuring 16 mm in diameter and 4 mm in thickness were prepared and subjected to pre-corrosion by immersion to 3.5% NaCl solution. Two sets of specimens were then dip-coated with sodium silicate containing nanosilica. One set was coated with 1% nanosilica, and the other was coated with 2.5% nanosilica. The coated specimens were then subjected to Complex Impedance Spectroscopy (CIS) at 20 Hz to 20 MHz frequency range. Compared with the sodium silicate coating with 1% nanosilica, the sodium silicate coating with 2.5% nanosilica had a larger semi-circle curve in the Nyquist plot. Similarly, the sodium silicate coating with 2.5% nanosilica also showed larger magnitudes of impedance at the low-frequency region and larger phase angles at the high-frequency regions in the Bode plot. These results imply that the sodium silicate coating with 2.5% nanosilica coating demonstrated better capacitive behavior. In addition, equivalent circuit modelling results also showed that the sodium silicate coating with 2.5% nanosilica had higher coating resistance and lower coating capacitance as compared to the sodium silicate coating with 1% nanosilica. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091761 Full Text: PDF
Ten readily available and underutilized plant materials in the Philippines were investigated for their oil content and composition, level and composition of unsaponifiable fraction and storage stability for possible nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications. Based on oil extraction of each sample, the highest oil content of 25.00 ± 0.61 % was extracted from rambutan seed. Long chain fatty acids that can be used for skin-care products such as oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic acids were detected in all food plant oils samples using gas chromatographic analysis. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid that serves as the building block of human brain tissue and retina of the eye, was found in purslane oil. Multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that kernel oils of katchamita and carabao mangoes are relatively close based on their fatty acid profile. Close association was also exhibited by oils of malunggay seed and rice bran. Slow tendency to undergo hydrolytic rancidity of malunggay seed oil is indicated by its low free fatty acid value of 2.13 ± 0.13 meq/kg oil. A peroxide value of 0.95 ± 0.09 mg O 2 / kg of malunggay oil revealed that it is the most stable among the oils. These seven-month storage stability tests of the malunggay oil make it useful as ingredient in cosmetic products. Of the oils extracted, avocado kernel oil showed the highest unsaponifiable content (72.63 ± 2.91%). The unsaponifiable fraction was subjected to TLC analysis using 5:1 v/v petroleum ether-ethyl acetate as solvent, coupled with densitometric analysis using the CP ATLAS v. 2.0 program and results showed that the highest phytosterol content of 57.59 ± 2.80 % was found in the carabao mango seed oil. Antitumor, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties are the reported bioactivities of phytosterols. This study demonstrates potential sources of nutritional lipids, which can serve as functional and innovative ingredients utilized for nutraceutical and cosmeceutical applications.
BACKGROUND Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is considered as a major postharvest disease affecting many fruits. This plant disease is traditionally managed with synthetic fungicides, which are generally toxic and are linked to pathogen resistance. Recently, microencapsulated bioactives have been developed as potential alternative strategies to these methods, while utilizing natural fungicides and other phytochemicals. Wild oregano, Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, contains potent antimicrobial phenolics, but these compounds are volatile and relatively unstable, which limits their efficacy during application. Herein, a baker's yeast microencapsulation system was applied to improve the stability of wild oregano phenolic extract (WOPE) and enhance its antifungal activity against anthracnose. RESULTS Encapsulation of WOPE in plasmolyzed yeast cells afforded a high encapsulation efficiency (93%) and yielded WOPE‐loaded yeast microcapsules (WLYMs) with an average diameter of 2.65 μm. Storage stability studies showed WLYMs are stable for at least 4 months. A 24 ‐h in vitro release experiment showed that WLYMs had an initial burst release upon redispersion in water, followed by a controlled release to about 80% of the loaded WOPE. Upon application as a spray‐type postharvest treatment for papaya, WLYMs exhibited a significantly improved mycelial inhibitory action against C. gloeosporioides and greatly reduced the anthracnose symptoms in papaya fruits. CONCLUSION This study presented a yeast microencapsulation system that can effectively stabilize WOPE and enhance its antifungal activity, making this microparticle formulation a promising environmentally safe postharvest treatment option to combat anthracnose symptoms in papaya fruits. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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