Antifungal Activity of Crude Extracts of Coffee and Spent Coffee Ground on Areca Palm Leaf Sheath (Areca catechu) Based Food Packaging

Abstract

This study observed the antifungal activity of crude coffee extract (CCE) and crude spent coffee ground extract (CSCGE) against Aspergillus sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillum citrinum, Penicillum chrysogenum and Eurotium amstelodami on the surface of an areca palm leaf sheath (Areca catechu). The agar dilution method was employed to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the CCE for the first, second and third extractions and CSCGE for the first and second extractions in malt extract agar at concentrations from 50 to 500 μg/ml. A mould test was then performed on durian paste product wrapped with the areca palm leaf sheath treated with the second CSCGE at its MIC. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was performed to find the major components of the CCE and CSCGE and to measure the total phenolic content. For the second CSCGE treatment on the areca palm leaf sheath, the following qualities were studied: mould growth, wettability, measurements of hardness and thickness and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scan. It was found that the CCE and CSCGE MICs from the first and second extractions ranged from 100 to 230 μg/ml and from 300 to 460 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, the MICs showed the capability of CCE and CSCGE to provide protection against mould growth on the leaf sheath for at least 21 days in comparison with the control (3 days) during storage at accelerated conditions (25 °C and 100% relative humidity). Shelf life of durian paste product wrapped with areca palm leaf sheath treated with the second CSCGE at 460 μg/ml was extended from 3 days to 21 days under storage condition of 30 °C. Caffeine was the main constituent of CCE (79.69%) and CSCGE (84.92%). Also, the total phenolic content of CCE and CSCGE measured were 0.640 and 0.981 mol ferulic acid 100 g−1, respectively. This study has demonstrated that the first and second CCE and CSCGE were capable of inhibiting mould growth under both in vitro and in vivo tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chemical Changes of Wood Treated with Caffeine

“…The two peaks between 2950 cm −1 and 2850 cm −1 are associated with the asymmetric and symmetric C−H methyl and methylene stretching groups present in the spectra for cellulose in Figure A2. The bands at 1665-1645 cm −1 in the cellulose spectrum have been reported to be a hydrogen bonding coupled with COO¯ of the cellulose [40]. The vibrations at around 1600 cm −1 and 1555 cm −1 have a high pyramidic character in caffeine and decreases the stretching vibrations (ʋ) of the C=C and C=N bond.…”

“…The holistic infrared spectrum of the mixture with caffeine and cellulose fibers (see Appendix A, Figure A2) showed peaks typical of a cellulosic substrate. At around 3400 cm −1 , it can be observed that there was a strong broad band corresponding to different O-H stretching modes [40].…”

Extractos de pulpa de café: Una revisión sobre antioxidantes polifenólicos y su actividad antimicrobiana

“…Lo anterior determinó que el hongo más resistente fue A. flavus y que los extractos CCE fueron más efectivos contra los hongos evaluados que los CSCGE, lo cual depende en gran parte de la polaridad de los solventes usados para la extracción, ya que hay compuestos, como los alcaloides, que no pueden disolverse bien en agua. En este estudio fue posible evaluar en condiciones in vivo la actividad antifúngica de los extractos, se realizaron pruebas en la superficie de vainas de hojas de palma areca durante el almacenamiento, en donde se observó una inhibición total del crecimiento de los hongos mediante la segunda extracción de CSCGE a 460 µg/ ml durante 21 días, lo cual fue disminuyendo hasta el día 42, cuando no pudo evitarse el crecimiento de los hongos; mientras que en el tratamiento control los hongos crecieron en un lapso de 3 días, demostrando que estos extractos pueden alargar la vida útil no solo de las hojas de palma, sino de otras plantas y alimentos (Nonthakaew et al, 2015). Lo anterior demuestra que el uso de extractos de pulpa de café puede utilizarse para controlar el crecimiento y desarrollo de agentes microbianos.…”

Natural Phenol Polymers: Recent Advances in Food and Health Applications

“…[ 175 ]. Shelf life of durian paste product wrapped with areca palm leaf sheath treated with spent coffee ground extracts was extended from three days to 21 days under the storage condition of 30 °C [ 176 ].…”