“…However, data from the current study suggests that the neuroprotective effects of IL-1 inhibition may be injury specific and may not be a process that can be generalized. While IL-1β has been implicated in neurodegeneration, there are also observations indicating that, under certain conditions, IL-1 can contribute beneficial effects (Brenneman et al, 1992), including regulation of ischemic tolerance in CA1 hippocampal neurons (Ohtsuki et al, 1996), anti-convulsive properties such as, slowing the rate of amygdala kindling (Sayyah et al, 2005), and the induction of various neurotrophic factors. In addition, previous evidence reveals that IL-1 demonstrates properties signifying its role as a modulator of memory functions, including effects on long term potentiation and synaptic transmission (Bellinger et al, 1993), as well as, regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (Ma et al, 2002) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (Lai et al, 2006).…”