Antidiabetic and Analgesic Effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups -a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) -at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice -i) the 'control' received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) 'Standard' received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test 'DGP250' & 'DGP500' received vehicle plus GP extract with 250 & 500 mg /kg, respectively. For the analgesic activity, 20 mice were investigated in four subgroups, each having 5 mice and similar steps were adopted. Here, vehicle was used 1% Tween 80 and intra-peritoneal injection of Acetic acid for eliciting pain in all four subgroups. The 'standard' group got diclofenac sodium for comparison with the test groups 'GP250' and 'GP500'. In OGTT, Ethanolic extract of GP250 and GP500 reduced blood glucose at 90 min. But the levels of reduction were more significant at 120 min, 50.7% by GP250 and 66% by GP500 (p<0.001). The reduction is almost comparable with that induced by metformin. Likewise, for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity, the GP extracts were found as equally effective as metfomin, which was also dose dependent. In addition to antihyperglycemic effect, the ethanolic extract of GP showed significant analgesic effect that was also dose dependent. Our results indicate that GP extract has antihyperglycemic effect in both short and in weeklong duration, which is almost comparable to Metformin HCL, a known and widely used antihyperglycemic agent. The GP extract was also found to have an analgesic effect almost comparable to diclofenac sodium, a known analgesic drug. Further study is needed to confirm the anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effect of GP including its side effects in long term use.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 21-26

Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and toxicological profile of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC.: A review

“…A similar effect on lipid metabolism and hepatic performance was also observed for glibenclamide (Ramesh Petchi and Vijaya, 2012). Another study investigating the effect of the ethanol extract of G. pentaphylla on oral glucose tolerance revealed that the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) improved post-prandial glucose tolerance by 50.7 and 66%, respectively, after 120 minutes of administration (Khatun et al, 2012).…”

“…Another similarly designed study reported 36.54 and 57.70% reductions in writhing counts for the methanol extract at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, indicating prominent dose-dependent analgesic property for the extract (Sarkar et al, 2013). The ethanol extract (500 mg/kg body weight) inhibited the nociceptive response in mice by 75.51%, suggesting that the plant was a potential source of antinociceptive phytoconstituents (Khatun et al, 2012). Further efforts are warranted to identify the underlying mechanism(s) of action of these extracts and screen individual phytoconstituents for antinociceptive activity.…”

Ethnomedicinal Value of Antidiabetic Plants in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review

“…About 60 Swiss Albino male mice were used for this purpose (weight 20–25 g). The findings show that GP extract has a short and a week-long antihyperglycemic impact comparable to metformin HCl, a recognized and commonly used antihyperglycemic agent [ 125 ].…”