The current study was designed to isolate and characterize some bioactive secondary metabolites by using repeated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, targeting their anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties through in vitro and in silico approaches. Six compounds were isolated and analyzed by thin layer chromatographic technique and the compounds were identified as 5- O -caffeoyl quinic acid ( 1 ), syringin ( 2 ), luteolin ( 3 ), apigenin ( 4 ), jhanol ( 5 ), and jhanidiol ( 6 ) based on spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxic effect of each compound was dose-dependent, and compound 1 showed a higher anti-proliferative effect (IC 50 = 181.3 μg/ml) than other compounds (compound 2 , 4 , 5 , and 6 ). Besides, compound 1 showed the most promising antibacterial activity with a zone of inhibition ranges from 12–15 mm against different strains compared to ciprofloxacin (14–22 mm). In contrast, compound 3 exerted the highest scavenging property against DPPH free radical. Finally, the in vitro bioactivities were also supported by molecular docking studies. The computational study demonstrated that the isolated compounds exerted stronger affinity compared to the standard drugs towards the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), glutathione reductase, and urase oxidase.
Alginate is being explored widely for an array of medicinal and diagnostic measures by way of nanosystems fabricated for techniques along the lines of drug delivery, imaging, tissue regeneration, etc. Their biocompatibility, nontoxicity, sensitivity to pH, mucoadhesiveness, and biodegradability have invited an extensive body of work in this field. Their gelling ability facilitates the encapsulation of different molecules like drugs, proteins, and genes, through the formation of multidimensional matrices. Furthermore, the feasibility of alginates for physical and chemical modification allows appropriate synthesis of nanosystems for their application. The current review highlights delivery of therapeutic compounds via alginate nanosystems as an effective, eco-friendly alternative for expediting controlled and target-specific release.
Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups -a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) -at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice -i) the 'control' received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) 'Standard' received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test 'DGP250' & 'DGP500' received vehicle plus GP extract with 250 & 500 mg /kg, respectively. For the analgesic activity, 20 mice were investigated in four subgroups, each having 5 mice and similar steps were adopted. Here, vehicle was used 1% Tween 80 and intra-peritoneal injection of Acetic acid for eliciting pain in all four subgroups. The 'standard' group got diclofenac sodium for comparison with the test groups 'GP250' and 'GP500'. In OGTT, Ethanolic extract of GP250 and GP500 reduced blood glucose at 90 min. But the levels of reduction were more significant at 120 min, 50.7% by GP250 and 66% by GP500 (p<0.001). The reduction is almost comparable with that induced by metformin. Likewise, for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity, the GP extracts were found as equally effective as metfomin, which was also dose dependent. In addition to antihyperglycemic effect, the ethanolic extract of GP showed significant analgesic effect that was also dose dependent. Our results indicate that GP extract has antihyperglycemic effect in both short and in weeklong duration, which is almost comparable to Metformin HCL, a known and widely used antihyperglycemic agent. The GP extract was also found to have an analgesic effect almost comparable to diclofenac sodium, a known analgesic drug. Further study is needed to confirm the anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effect of GP including its side effects in long term use.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 21-26
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