ing-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a polymerization driven by the relief of the ring strain of cyclic olefins to form polymers 1. Monomers such as norbornene derivatives can be polymerized in a living fashion due to the slow rates of irreversible chain-transfer events and termination reactions 2 compared with the relatively fast propagation rates. Typical metathesis initiators for ROMP are based on ruthenium 3 or molybdenum 4,5. The high tolerance of ruthenium complexes towards many polar functional groups, water and oxygen has made them popular choices in organic as well as polymer chemistry 6. The first and third generations of Grubbs' metathesis catalysts (G1 and G3, respectively;

Over the past decades, herbal medicine has become a thing of global significance with medicinal and economic implications. Wide spread use of herbs throughout the globe has raised serious concerns over its quality, safety, and efficacy. Thus, exact scientific assessment has become a precondition for acceptance of herbal health claims. Persea americana Mill. (avocado) is a tree, native to central America, cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates around the world, belonging to the family Lauraceae, is widely used in Ayurveda and evidence-based phototherapy. There are 3 principal races or groups of avocado: Mexican, Guatemalan, and West Indian named for the areas where they were originally cultivated. The plant is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments, such as monorrhagia, hypertension, stomach ache, bronchitis, diarrhea, and diabetes. Peptone, b-galactoside, glycosylated abscisic acid, alkaloids, cellulose, polygalacto urease, polyuronoids, cytochrome P-450, and volatile oils are reported to be present in this plant. Biotechnologic approaches show that modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg benzyladenine/L, 0-1mg Indole Butyric Acid/L, 0.1 mg Gibberalic Acid 3/L was optimum for adventitious shoot development. In the present review, an effort has been made to study the different aspects of P. americana Mill.

Heterotelechelic polymers were synthesized by a kinetic telechelic ring-opening metathesis polymerization method relying on the regioselective cross-metathesis of the propagating Grubbs' first-generation catalyst with cinnamyl alcohol derivatives. This procedure allowed the synthesis of hetero-bis-end-functional polymers in a one-pot setup. The molecular weight of the polymers could be controlled by varying the ratio between cinnamyl alcohol derivatives and monomer. The end functional groups can be changed using different aromatically substituted cinnamyl alcohol derivatives. Different monomers were investigated and the presence of the functional groups was shown by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. Labeling experiments with dyes were conducted to demonstrate the orthogonal addressability of both chain ends of the heterotelechelic polymers obtained.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory infection and commonly called as COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It widely transmitted through direct or indirect contact. Currently, no specific treatment against SARS-CoV-2 are available; only prevention and supportive strategy are the preventive measures. The present review emphasizes the latest research related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the current status of potential inhibitors identified. Recent interest in SARS-CoV-2 has focused on transmission, symptoms, structure, and its structural proteins that exhibit promising therapeutics targets for rapid identification of potential inhibitors. The quick identification of potential inhibitors and immune-boosting functional food ingredients are crucial to combat this pandemic disease. We also tried to give an overview of the functional food components as a nutritional supplement, which helps in boosting our immune system and could be useful in preventing the COVID-19 and/or to improve the outcome during therapy.

A recently developed catalytic living ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) was investigated using a series of reversible chain transfer agents (CTA) carrying either cyclopentene or cyclohexene rings, differing only in ring strain. All cyclopentene derivatives examined showed significantly faster reaction rates than the corresponding cyclohexene derivatives. This resulted in lower molecular weight dispersities and better control of the molecular weight for the cyclopentene compared to the cyclohexene CTAs. Both Grubbs second and third generation catalysts could be employed in catalytic living ROMP using cyclopentene CTA derivatives. The kinetics of different CTAs were studied, block copolymers were synthesised and residual ruthenium quantified by ICP-OES. All polymers were fully characterised by NMR, GPC and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry. The new cyclopentene CTAs are readily synthesised in a few straightforward steps and provide faster reaction kinetics than all previously reported reversible CTAs.

Use of a tandem ring-opening-ring-closing metathesis (RORCM) strategy for the synthesis of functional metathesis catalysts is reported. Ring opening of 7-substituted norbornenes and subsequent ring-closing metathesis forming a thermodynamically stable 6-membered ring lead to a very efficient synthesis of new catalysts from commercially available Grubbs' catalysts. Hydroxy functionalized Grubbs' first- as well as third-generation catalysts have been synthesized. Mechanistic studies have been performed to elucidate the order of attack of the olefinic bonds. This strategy was also used to synthesize the ruthenium methylidene complex.

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