Antidepressant-associated mania or hypomania: A comparison with personality and bipolarity features of bipolar I disorder

Antidepresan Tedavi İle Hipomanik / Manik Kayma Gösteren Bipolar Bozukluk Hastalarında Sosyodemografik Ve Klinik Özellikler / Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Antidepressant-Induced Hypomanic and Manic Switches in Patients With Bipolar Disorder

“…Our study supported the studies which did not find any difference. In the literature, consistentwithourstudy, most of the studies, except one study which reported switch was more common in wornen (25)j did not determine gender differences (13,15,21,23,24). Again, consistent with our study, Saatçioglu'and colleagues (23) did not report any difference regarding marital status, level of education and socioecononiic level In addition to the literature, we also did not find any difference in terms of number of children and place of residence.…”

“…No relationship between switch phenomena and gender (13,15,21,23,24) has been reported in most of the previous studies. It was reported in only one study that switch is more frequent in women (25).…”

“…There is no consensus on the criteria (particularly regarding duration) for manic or hypomanic switch induced by antidepressant treatment in the literature. In certain studies, patients who switched directiy from depression to hypomania or mania in the first 6, 8, or 12 weeks of the antidepressant treatment, with no remission of the depressive episode before switch and who did not have spontaneous switch are examined (2,5,6,23,24). In our study, for duration of treatment, as suggested by Althuser and associates (5), we investigated patients who switched directly fiom depressive episode to manic or hypomanic episodes in the first 8 weeks of the antidepressant treatment.…”

“…Results, regarding age are contradictory (13,15,21,24). Early onset of disorder, short duration of disorder, frequent hospitalizations, history of manic switch, depression in the Erst episode, mixed episode, agitation, psychomotor retardation, atypical features, cyclothymic orhyperthymic temperament, serotonin gene polymorphism and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are found in patients with manic switch (7,9,(11)(12)(13)16,21,(23)(24)(25)(26)29,(31)(32)(33). Findings on rapid cycling, type of bipolar disorder, comorbid substance use disorder, and number of manic and depressive episodes before the switch are contradictory (9,(11)(12)(13)15,21,23,24,32,34,36).…”

Tramadol-associated mania: A case report

“…Studies and case reports have suggested mood-elevating effects of various medications including atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and recently various analgesic agents. [1][2][3] Tramadol is a centrally acting synthetic opioid that binds weakly to μ-opioid receptors. Case reports of tramadol-associated mania in patients with a preexisting diagnosis of bipolar disorder exist.…”