Antibrain antibodies in children with autism and their unaffected siblings

Singer, Harvey S.; Morris, Cynthia Taft; Williams, Phillip N.; Yoon, Dustin Y.; Hong, John J; Zimmerman, Andrew W.

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.05.025

Cited by 119 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The evidence strongly supports distinct roles for both maternal Croen et al, 2008b;Singer et al, 2008;Zimmerman et al, 2007) and patient (Henneberg et al, 1994;Libbey and Fujinami, 2010;Ryberg, 1982) autoantibodies in ASD, including an ability to affect structural brain development (Nordahl et al, 2013;Rossi et al, 2011). Offending antibodies of either origin appear to persist systemically for extended periods of time Piras et al, 2014;Singer et al, 2006;Zimmerman et al, 2007), and although there exists a correlation between the two there does appear to be at least some differences in effect (Piras et al, 2014). Although reports indicate the presence of these antibodies may correlate with adverse conditions in the patients (Braunschweig et al, 2012a;Goines et al, 2011a;Mostafa and Al-Ayadhi, 2012;Piras et al, 2014), the nature of those connections needs to be further investigated, especially as regards different subpopulations of ASD.…”

Section: Anti-brain Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Singer et al (2006) found that children with autism were more likely than their non-autistic siblings or controls to have serum that tested positive via western blot to fresh human brain samples (caudate, putamen, and prefrontal cortex). A similar result found that children with autism showed positive serum anti-brain reactivity against prenatal rat proteins by western blot, with a different set of banding patterns relative to their non-autistic siblings and other controls (Zimmerman et al, 2007).…”

Section: Anti-brain Antibodies In Children With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

367

293

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social skills as well as repetitive and stereotypical behaviors. While much effort has focused on the identification of genes associated with autism, research emerging within the past two decades suggests that immune dysfunction is a viable risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Further, it is the heterogeneity within this disorder that has brought to light much of the current thinking regarding the subphenotypes within ASD and how the immune system is associated with these distinctions. This review will focus on the two main axes of immune involvement in ASD, namely dysfunction in the prenatal and postnatal periods. During gestation, prenatal insults including maternal infection and subsequent immunological activation may increase the risk of autism in the child. Similarly, the presence of maternally derived anti-brain autoantibodies found in~20% of mothers whose children are at risk for developing autism has defined an additional subphenotype of ASD. The postnatal environment, on the other hand, is characterized by related but distinct profiles of immune dysregulation, inflammation, and endogenous autoantibodies that all persist within the affected individual. Further definition of the role of immune dysregulation in ASD thus necessitates a deeper understanding of the interaction between both maternal and child immune systems, and the role they have in diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Anti-brain Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Anti-brain Antibodies In Children With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

367

293

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Systemic immunologic aberrations in individuals with autism have often been associated with autoimmunity. Of particular interest, auto-antibodies reactive against brain and central nervous system proteins have been found more frequently in children with autism compared with unaffected children (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mid-Pregnancy Autoantibodies to Fetal Brain Protein: The Early Markers for Autism Study

Croen

Braunschweig

Haapanen

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

156

126

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“…Some cytokines were associated with autism specific aspects such as sleep, cognitive function abnormalities or depression (IL-2, TNF-) (Larson, 2002). Additionally, anti-cerebral peptide autoantibodies (antimyelin, antiPurkinje cells and anti-caudate nucleus) were identified by Western blots in serum, which speaks of a vulnerability of the blood brain barrier in autism (Singer et al, 2006). On the other hand, plasma harvested from autistic children's mothers was found to contain antibodies to human fetal brain of approximately 37 kD and 73 kD, which may represent a possible contribution of the maternal immune system to autism etiology (Braunschweig et al, 2008).…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 99%