Antibody Production by Single Cells

Nossal, G. J. V.; Lederberg, Joshua

doi:10.1038/1811419a0

Cited by 252 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These results agree with the findings of Nossal et al (1958Nossal et al ( , 1959 and it seems that the regional lymph nodes are an important site of antibody formation. Whether or not the in vitro reaction parallel or even in part duplicate the in vivo immunologic response is not clear but the in vitro studies do provide information about the antibody-forming capacity of MLN cells.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody Formation Against Vibrio Cholerae by Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells Maintained in Vitro*

Thind¹

1972

JJMSB

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SUMMARY : Studies conducted by us have revealed that sensitized mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells from donors, when put into tissue culture system, proceed to form antibody in vitro. The antibody produced by these cells was studied by the bacterial adherence phenomenon (BAP) and antibody hemolytic plaque (AHPT) techniques and it is estimated that about 40 % of these MLN cells are capable of producing antibody in vitro.The viability of MLN cells is essential for this antibody synthesis.The BAP and AHPT activity are present only in MLN cell cultures in immunized donors.The activity appears to be that of specific antibody which has been formed by these immunologically competent MLN cells during the in vitro incubation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antibody Formation Against Vibrio Cholerae by Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells Maintained in Vitro*

Thind¹

1972

JJMSB

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“…Serum antibodies against flagella were determined by agglutination test against live organism of S. tennessee. 4 At appropriate time after injection of antigen, the determination of antibody titer and histological observation of each organ was performed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiboby Production without Reactive Proliferation of Pyroninophilic Cells in Rainbow Trout and African Clawed Toad

Mitsuhashi

Kurashige

Mishima

et al. 1971

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…A new conceptual framework for tolerance research was provided by the development of the clonal selection theory [4, 51 and the demonstration of the 'one cell, one antibody' paradigm [6]. This made it possible to think of immunity as the activation of specific members of the lymphocyte population and tolerance as the specific silencing or elimination of the same, relevant cells as outlined above and in Fig.…”

Section: The Nature Of Immunologic Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and cellular aspects of immunologic tolerance

Nossal

1991

European Journal of Biochemistry

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This review seeks to explain the most exciting recent data concerning the nature of self/non-self discrimination by the immune system in a manner accessible to a biochemical readership. The nature of recognition in the two great lymphocyte families, B cells and T cells, is described with special emphasis on the nature of the ligands recognized by each. The history of the field of immunologic tolerance is surveyed, as are the key experiments on conventional mice which provided a conceptual framework. This suggested that tolerance was essentially due to 'holes' in the recognition repertoires of both the T and B cell populations so that lymphocytes competent to react to self antigens were not part of the immunologic dictionary. There were essentially two ways to achieve this situation. On the one hand, self antigens might 'catch' developing lymphocytes early in their ontogeny and delete the cell, a process of clonal abortion. On the other hand, self antigens might signal lymphocytes (particularly immature cells) in a negative manner, reducing or abolishing their capacity for later responses, without causing death. This process is referred to as clonal anergy. Evidence for both processes exists.Special emphasis is placed on a wave of experimentation beginning in 1988 which imaginatively uses transgenic mouse technology to study tolerance. Transgenic manipulations can produce mice which synthesize foreign antigens in a constitutive and/or inducible manner, sometimes only in specific locations; mice which possess T or B lymphocytes almost all expressing a given receptor of known specificity; and mice which are an immunologic time bomb in that the antigen is present and so too are lymphocytes all endowed with receptors for that antigen. These experiments have vindicated the possibility of both clonal abortion and clonal anergy in both T and B cell populations, the choice of which phenomenon occurs depending on a number of operational circumstances. For T cell tolerance, clonal abortion occurs if the self antigenic determinant concerned is present within the thymus; if not, clonal anergy is more likely. For B cell tolerance, the strength of the negative signal and therefore the choice between abortion and anergy depends on the molar concentration of the self antigen, the capacity for multivalent presentation to a B cell, and the affinity of the B cell's receptor for the antigen in question. Some B cells with low affinity for self antigens certainly escape censorship and remain capable of secreting low affinity anti-self antibodies, which however do no harm. Mechanisms which prevent the emergence of hypermutated, high-affinity anti-self B cells are discussed.Lt is an honour and also a considerable challenge to be asked to summarize an essentially immunological topic, and an important and rapidly moving one, for a biochemical readership. The task is worthwhile because biochemistry and molecular biology have revolutionized immunology over the last quarter century, and because immunologic tolerance remains the single most i...

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Antibody Production by Single Cells

Cited by 252 publications

References 9 publications

Antibody Formation Against Vibrio Cholerae by Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells Maintained in Vitro*

Antibody Formation Against Vibrio Cholerae by Mesenteric Lymph Node Cells Maintained in Vitro*

Antiboby Production without Reactive Proliferation of Pyroninophilic Cells in Rainbow Trout and African Clawed Toad

Molecular and cellular aspects of immunologic tolerance

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