Antibodies as Biosensors’ Key Components: State-of-the-Art in Russia 2020–2021

Abstract

The recognition of biomolecules is crucial in key areas such as the timely diagnosis of somatic and infectious diseases, food quality control, and environmental monitoring. This determines the need to develop highly sensitive display devices based on the achievements of modern science and technology, characterized by high selectivity, high speed, low cost, availability, and small size. Such requirements are met by biosensor systems—devices for reagent-free analysis of compounds that consist of a biologically sensitive element (receptor), a transducer, and a working solution. The diversity of biological material and methods for its immobilization on the surface or in the volume of the transducer and the use of nanotechnologies have led to the appearance of an avalanche-like number of different biosensors, which, depending on the type of biologically sensitive element, can be divided into three groups: enzyme, affinity, and cellular/tissue. Affinity biosensors are one of the rapidly developing areas in immunoassay, where the key point is to register the formation of an antigen–antibody complex. This review analyzes the latest work by Russian researchers concerning the production of molecules used in various immunoassay formats as well as new fundamental scientific data obtained as a result of their use.

Novel Latex Microsphere Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid Detection of Cadmium Ion in Asparagus

“…In food safety research, mAbs are often used in the detection of toxic and harmful substances, whereas immunochromatographic assay has become the main detection method in rapid detection field because of its advantages such as rapid detection, high efficiency and easy operation. The most common is the color-indicated immunochromatographic detection technology [ 46 ]. Bioassays using immunochromatography can easily achieve on-site measurement of samples without using expensive equipment.…”

“…At present, the popular immunochromatographic test strips in the market mostly use colloidal gold particles. Compared with colloidal gold, the red latex microspheres we use have larger particle size, larger surface area, and stronger capability to bind to antibodies, as well as higher sensitivity [ 24 , 46 ]. Studies have reported that the LMIA method was applied to detect anti- Schisaosoma japonicum antibodies in human serum.…”

Development of Two-Dimensional Functional Nanomaterials for Biosensor Applications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Prospects

“…A biosensor is an analytical tool that makes use of biologically distinct detecting elements and transducers [90][91][92]. Recent examples of sensing elements include enzymes [93,94], tissues [95,96], antibodies [97,98], and microorganisms [99,100]. Based on the underlying transducer technology, four distinct families of biosensors have emerged.…”

Bioaffinity Nanoprobes for Foodborne Pathogen Sensing

“…The last thing is high affinity, which is the ability to form a complex with its target that is strong enough to allow further analysis [ 20 , 21 ]. Selecting antibodies with all three characteristics is quite a task, but because monoclonal antibodies have very impressive specificities [ 22 ], scientists have been able to develop them for a myriad of foodborne pathogens over the years.…”