Antibiotic resistant airborne bacteria and their multidrug resistance pattern at University teaching referral Hospital in South Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundHospitals provide a reservoir of microorganisms, many of which are multi-resistant to antibiotics. Emergence of multi-drug resistant strains in a hospital environment, particularly in developing countries is an increasing problem to infection treatment. This study aims at assessing antibiotic resistant airborne bacterial isolates.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo university teaching and referral Hospital. Indoor air samples were collected by using passive air sampling method. Sample processing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done following standard bacteriological techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsMedically important bacterial pathogens, Coagulase negative staphylococci (29.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.3%), Enterococci species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium (16.5%), Acinetobacter species (9.5%), Escherichia coli (5.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.3%) were isolated. Antibiotic resistance rate ranging from 7.5 to 87.5% was detected for all isolates. Acinetobacter species showed a high rate of resistance for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin (78.2%) and ciprofloxacin (82.6%), 28 (38.9%) of S. aureus isolates were meticillin resistant, and 7.5% Enterococci isolates of were vancomycin resistant. 75.3% of all bacterial pathogen were multi-drug resistant. Among them, 74.6% were gram positive and 84% were gram negative. Multi-drug resistance were observed among 84.6% of P. aeruginosa, of 82.5% Enterococcii, E. coli 78.6%, S. aureus 76.6%, and Coagulase negative staphylococci of 73.6%.ConclusionsIndoor environment of the hospital was contaminated with airborne microbiotas, which are common cause of post-surgical site infection in the study area. Bacterial isolates were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics with high multi-drug resistance percentage. So air quality of hospital environment, in restricted settings deserves attention, and requires long-term surveillance to protect both patients and healthcare workers.

Airborne bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns in operating theatre and paediatric wards in Botswana hospitals

“…Brucella, Listeria and Staphylococcus species were also predominant. Findings from other studies where airborne bacteria were isolated in hospitals are in accordance with our results (Borrego et al, 2010;Qudiesat et al, 2009;Gilbert et al, 2010;Solomon et al, 2017). These studies also revealed higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in the hospital air such as Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species.…”

“…Antibiotic resistance has caused concern in hospitals where bacterial infections are the most frequent cause of diseases in children and the immunocompromised individuals. Hospital environments can act as reservoirs of multi-drug resistant pathogens, with the most contami-nated site being the labour/delivery room followed by the dressing room and the operation theatre (Mathias et al, 2000;Solomon et al, 2017). Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2013) has documented increases in the number of nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB).…”

Clinical Epidemiology and Antibiogram of UTI Patients Attended Different Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan

“…This is comparable with the study [19,20,21]. Reasons for such alarming MDR might be inappropriate and incorrect administration of antimicrobial agents as empirical treatment and lack of appropriate infection control strategies, which can cause a shift to increase prevalence of resistant organism in the community [22][23][24][25].…”

Audit Secara Prospektif terhadap Antimicrobial Stewardship Program pada Pasien Kanker Payudara di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

“…Menurut Solomon, et al (2017) menyatakan bahwa infeksi paska operasi merupakan infeksi yang biasanya diperoleh saat berada di rumah sakit, di mana udara bisa menjadi sumber potensial, sehingga bakteri di udara memungkinkan menginfeksi pasien saat dirawat di rumah sakit [22]. Media penularan dari sebuah sumber infeksi ke hospes yang rentan dapat melalui udara yang bisa terhirup oleh pasien lain, atau dapat juga mendarat sampai di permukaan luka terbuka [21].…”