Antibiotic Resistances of Starter and Probiotic Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract

The antibiotic resistances of 45 lactic acid bacteria strains belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc were investigated. The objective was to determine antibiotic resistances and to verify these at the genetic level, as is currently suggested by the European "qualified presumption of safety" safety evaluation system for industrial starter strains. In addition, we sought to pinpoint possible problems in resistance determinations. Primers were used to PCR amplify genes involved in ␤-lactam antibiotic, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. The presence of ribosomal protection protein genes and the ermB gene was also determined by using a gene probe. Generally, the incidences of erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or ␤-lactam resistances in this study were low (<7%). In contrast, aminoglycoside (gentamicin and streptomycin) and ciprofloxacin resistances were higher than 70%, indicating that these may constitute intrinsic resistances. The genetic basis for ciprofloxacin resistance could not be verified, since no mutations typical of quinolone resistances were detected in the quinolone determining regions of the parC and gyrA genes. Some starter strains showed low-level ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline resistances, but no known resistance genes could be detected. Although some strains possessed the cat gene, none of these were phenotypically resistant to chloramphenicol. Using reverse transcription-PCR, these cat genes were shown to be silent under both inducing and noninducing conditions. Only Lactobacillus salivarius BFE 7441 possessed an ermB gene, which was encoded on the chromosome and which could not be transferred in filter-mating experiments. This study clearly demonstrates problems encountered with resistance testing, in that the breakpoint values are often inadequately identified, resistance genes may be present but silent, and the genetic basis and associated resistance mechanisms toward some antibiotics are still unknown.

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms of Myroides sp.

“…Although several foreign researchers have investigated this topic, very little information is available. Hummel et al (2007) showed that the β-lactamase gene was responsible for the variable patterns of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and the decreased susceptibility to carbapenems of different Myroides sp. strains.…”

Antibacterial activities of multi drug resistant Myroides odoratimimus bacteria isolated from adult flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are independent of metallo beta-lactamase gene

“…Although the antibiotic resistance patterns of Flavibacterium and Myroides strains shows variable susceptibility to beta-lactams (β-lactams) (12), there is constant decrease in susceptibility to cephalosporin and imipenem. The β-lactamases produced by Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria play a significant role in resistance against β-lactam antibiotics but with variable activities (14,18). Previously, M. odoratus was isolated from lepidopteran gut and it was hypothesized that this bacteria may be involved in the production of some biosurfactants (31).…”

Safety Evaluation Of Sjenica Cheese With Regard To Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci And Antibiotic Resistance Of Lactic Acid Bacteria And Staphylococci

“…The general observation pointed out that the presence of tet(M) has not been as frequently associated with lactococci as to other LAB such as E. faecalis and Lactobacillus spp. [74][75][76]. The transmissible nature of tet(M) and tet(K) genes originated from food-borne lactobacilli were confi rmed as it has been shown their association to host a Tn916 transposon [76] and a plasmid [73] respectively.…”